Abstract
ABSTRACTAimThe effect of boiogito extract combined with glucosamine HCl was assessed in adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) rats.MethodsRats received a daily oral mixture of boiogito extract (125 mg/kg) and glucosamine HCl (80 mg/kg) before and after once‐off adjuvant injection. Treatment was continued up to the day when blood and/or tissue were collected (day 12 or day 21). Paw swelling, arthritis score, and inflammatory mediators were assessed.ResultsCombined treatment was more effective for AIA than either agent alone. Both serum nitric oxide (NO) and tissue NO were significantly suppressed in the adjuvant‐uninjected hind paw on day 12. Boiogito extract significantly reduced the tissue level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐13. In addition, interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced MMP‐13 by SW1353 chondrocytes was dose‐dependently suppressed by boiogito extract, while glucosamine HCl had little effect. IL‐1β‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) was inhibited by the combination of boiogito extract and glucosamine HCl, but was most strongly suppressed by glucosamine HCl alone.ConclusionCombined treatment with boiogito extract and glucosamine HCl had a protective effect against AIA in rats. This effect was related to strong suppression of MMP‐13 production (mainly by boiogito extract) and inhibition of inflammatory mediator production via ERK signaling (mainly by glucosamine HCl).
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