Abstract
Rapid and poorly managed agricultural landuse in Punjab plain is a major contention in groundwater quality deterioration. This study is focused on the determination of groundwater vulnerability potential of vadose material using geo-electrical method. Total of eight electrical resistivity soundings with Schlumberger electrode configuration are taken near Khizarabad Dairy Form, district Sargodha. The instrument ABEM Terrameter SAS 300 is used for data acquisition. The quantitative interpretation is done by 1D modelling of resistivity soundings by using IX1D software. The results characterize the area into three geo-electrical layers as dry alluvium (15.7 - 32.4 Ωm), saturated alluvium with high resistivity (10 - 20 Ωm) and low resistivity (>10 Ωm). Aquifer vulnerability is assessed by calculating Dar Zarrouk parameter (Longitudinal Conductance) and thickness of vadose zone. Resultant vulnerability is divided into three zones as low (>3.8 siemens) moderate (1.6 - 2.5 siemens) and high (<1.6 siemens). It is concluded from this study that Vertical Resistivity Sounding (VES) can be used for vulnerability assessment of an unconfined sandy alluvial aquifer from agricultural contaminants.
Highlights
IntroductionThe greater Punjab plain which is divided into five Doabs (land between two rivers) is suffering from agricultural stresses, because of rapid growth of agriculture and population
The greater Punjab plain which is divided into five Doabs is suffering from agricultural stresses, because of rapid growth of agriculture and population
Protective Capacity Mapping The aquifer protective capacity or vulnerability map is classified into three classes using quartile classification of ArcGIS 10.1
Summary
The greater Punjab plain which is divided into five Doabs (land between two rivers) is suffering from agricultural stresses, because of rapid growth of agriculture and population. Groundwater is major source of water for growing agriculture and population in Pakistan. Groundwater is present in voids and it fully saturates it; porosity and permeability of that stratum have greater importance in groundwater recovery and protection [1]. The groundwater protection is very important, in arid regions of the world. Agricultural Non-point Pollution Sources (NPS) and urban wastes are the major threat to the portability of groundwater in Punjab, Pakistan. An assessment of these NPSs on groundwater is an important environmental concern
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