Protection of center-spin coherence by a dynamically polarized nuclear spin core

Abstract

Understanding fully the dynamics of coupled electron-nuclear spin systems, which are important for the development of long-lived qubits based on solid-state systems, remains a challenge. We show that in a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot with inhomogeneous hyperfine coupling, the nuclear spins relatively strongly coupled to the electron spin form a polarized core during the dynamical polarization process. The polarized core provides a protection effect against the electron spin relaxation, reducing the decay rate by a factor of $N_1$, the number of the nuclear spins in the polarized core, at a relatively small total polarization. This protection effect may occur in quantum dots and solid-state spin systems defect centers, such as NV centers in diamonds, and could be harnessed to fabricate in a relatively simple way long-lived qubits and quantum memories.