Abstract
A direct current (DC) microgrid has become a superior power system in recent years due to the development of DC loads and higher efficiency of DC systems. One of the challenging problems on DC microgrids operation is protection, and it is still a particular concern associated with the challenges of developing a proper protection scheme owing to its characteristics and lack of standards in DC protection. Due to the significant increasing interest on DC microgrid; this study investigates protection problems and schemes that need to be addressed in modern power systems involving DC microgrids. This study analyses and presents a comprehensive review of the most recent growth in the DC microgrids protection. Additionally, the fault characteristics of DC microgrids, the impact of constant power loads, the protection devices and several proposed methods to overcome the protection problems are discussed. The differences between the proposed protection methods for the DC microgrids are also discussed.
Highlights
Direct current (DC) microgrids have the wide potential for different power applications, such as small-scale generation, backup of energy storages, data centres, marine and other sensitive loads and industrial applications [1, 2]
low-voltage DC (LVDC) microgrids must connect to the alternating current (AC) power system using converters, and power flow of the system will be bi-directional and a different protection scheme is required for the DC microgrid [20]
This study presented a detailed fault analysis and impact of constant power loads (CPLs) on DC microgrids
Summary
Direct current (DC) microgrids have the wide potential for different power applications, such as small-scale generation, backup of energy storages, data centres, marine and other sensitive loads and industrial applications [1, 2]. LVDC microgrids must connect to the AC power system using converters, and power flow of the system will be bi-directional and a different protection scheme is required for the DC microgrid [20]. In the AC microgrids, the voltage can be changed by transformers, but in the DC microgrids, converters need more complex protection because of the sensitivity of converters to fault and control systems. During the fault in the DC microgrid, if the contribution of the main grid is limited by the limiting devices and methods, the power quality of the DC microgrid will be reduced.
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