Abstract
Tricin, a flavone found mainly in rice bran and sugarcane, has various beneficial effects. It has proven to be a clinically safe and selective potent inhibitor of different cancer cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia (ETZL) and its major active compound tricin on skin photoaging in SKH-1 hairless mice. Tricin (0.3 mg/kg) and ETZL (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) were orally administrated to mice for 14 weeks; no cytotoxicity was observed during the entire experimental period. After UVB exposure, we observed significant increases in keratinization, coarse wrinkles, loss of moisture, thickened epidermis, and collagen fiber degradation in the dorsal skin. These features of photoaging were significantly suppressed after oral administration of tricin or ETZL. In addition, the protein expression of collagen effectively increased in ETZL (150 and 300 mg/kg)-treated mice, while the increased metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 expressions were reduced after exposure to tricin or ETZL, although the effects were not dose-dependent. These data indicate that ETZL may be effective for attenuation of UVB-induced skin damage and photoaging in hairless mice, possibly by inhibiting MMPs expression.
Highlights
Tricin (40,5,7-trihydroxy-30,50 -dimethoxyflavone) identified from various plants is reported to inhibit the growth of colorectal carcinoma [1] and breast cancer cells [2] as well as influenza virus activity [3]
We confirmed the effectiveness of tricin and the extract to enhance collagen synthesis and to suppress collagen degradation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) cells
We propose the optimal conditions of enzyme treatment for enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia (ETZL) preparation were 0.6% (w/w) of the enzyme mixture at 35 ◦ C for 16 h, which was used for further experiments in SKH-1 hairless mice
Summary
Tricin (40 ,5,7-trihydroxy-30 ,50 -dimethoxyflavone) identified from various plants is reported to inhibit the growth of colorectal carcinoma [1] and breast cancer cells [2] as well as influenza virus activity [3]. Several antioxidant materials have been shown to attenuate the risk of UVB-induced skin damage by topical application in mice [14,15]. Recent studies have demonstrated the protective effects of oral administrations of various phenolic compounds from natural herb extracts against photoaging in UVB-exposed hairless mice. We found that tricin exerts preventive effects by inhibiting MMPs expression and type-I procollagen degradation via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, reduced ROS generation, as well as MAPK/AP-1 signaling in UVB-irradiated HDFs (unpublished data). The in vitro data suggest that the extract exerts its efficacy in UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice through the effect of tricin as an active molecule in ETZL.
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