Abstract
Purpose. To study of the theoretical basis of the apozygotic method of seed reproduction in sugar beet to expand the gene pool of pollen-sterile lines stabilized by separate flowering and sterility and the basis of the phenomenon of high self-reproduction of seeds in substituted lines based on new germplasm of wild species of the genus Beta L. Methods. Breeding methods: group and individual selection by monogermity and phenotypic characteristics of nuclear genes of CMS; cytogenetic methods: fluorescent cytophotometry with the use of ploidy analyzer Partec to determine the connection between mixoploidy of cell populations and reproductive signs of apozygosity. Results. Genetic models of new hybrids were developed and separate-flowered, pollen-sterile, homozygous lines were identified by generative reduced parthenogenesis were developed. Apozygotic lines with different germplasm, stabilized at the genome level, with 100% sterility, were introduced into the breeding process of sugar beet in 2016–2023. The phenomenon of high self-reproduction of seeds was established and a line based on the new germplasm of B. patula was selected (selection number 19-011) that has high level (68.8 to 96%) of setting apozygotic seeds. The problem of using apozygotic lines with new germplasm in development of experimental sugar beet hybrids with reduction of the labor-intensive stage, i.e. selection of sterility maintainers was studied. Conclusions. The main theoretical approaches were substantiated and practical solutions for the application of a new apomictic method of seed reproduction in pollen sterile lines for further use in the breeding process of sugar beet to simplify the breeding scheme, which is determined by the sowing qualities of seeds, productive properties of seeds, methods of differentiation and selection by types of apozygosity, thanks to which it is possible to reproduce and multiplicate maternal components or obtaining new homozygous material.
Published Version
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