Abstract
BackgroundA dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids may be an early marker of autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). It would be of general importance to identify metabolic patterns that would predict the risk for T1D later in life. The aim of this study was to perform a prospective evaluation of glutamine and phospholipids levels in Brazilian first degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T1D in a mean interval of 5 years.FindingsBrazilian FDR (n = 30) of patients with T1D were evaluated and blood was sampled to measure the levels of glutamine and phospholipids in the fasting serum by quantitative colorimetric method. The tests were repeated after a mean interval of 5 years and compared to a control group (n = 20). The FDR presented lower levels of phospholipids than controls (p = 0.028), but not of glutamine (p = 0.075). Phospholipids levels decreased over time (p = 0.028) in FDR and were associated with Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) titers (p = 0.045), autoantibody positivity (p = 0.008) and PTPN22 polymorphisms (p = 0.014).ConclusionsIn this Brazilian multiethnic population, there was a significant decrease in phospholipids levels in FDR in patients with T1D during a 5-year prospective follow-up, as well as a significant association between these metabolite, GADA and PTPN22 polymorphisms. For Glutamine no difference was found. These findings suggest that a dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids may precede the onset of the autoimmunity in T1D.
Highlights
The autoimmune process in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) may be a late response to a dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids and amino acids [1,2,3,4]
In this Brazilian multiethnic population, there was a significant decrease in phospholipids levels in first degree relatives (FDR) in patients with T1D during a 5-year prospective follow-up, as well as a significant association between these metabolite, Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) and PTPN22 polymorphisms
For Glutamine no difference was found. These findings suggest that a dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids may precede the onset of the autoimmunity in T1D
Summary
The autoimmune process in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) may be a late response to a dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids and amino acids [1,2,3,4]. The DIPP (Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Project) and BABYDIAB (a German prospective study from birth on the natural history of type 1 diabetes) studies found reduced levels of methionine and glutamine before islet autoanibody seroconversion in individuals that developed T1D later in life. The amino acids and lipids play an important role in regulating β cells insulin secretion. A dysregulation in the metabolism of lipids may be an early marker of autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to perform a prospective evaluation of glutamine and phospholipids levels in Brazilian first degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T1D in a mean interval of 5 years
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