Abstract
Customer-sited photovoltaic (PV) systems have grown extensively due to a number of incentives offered by governments in the past. However, customers would choose to be 100% self-sufficient by consuming all solar electricity from their PV systems on-site if the selling price of the solar electricity is no longer attractive, which means that a zero-power flow between the grid and the local network with photovoltaic systems will likely be the preferred option to them. This paper highlights the feasibility of using the PI and fuzzy controllers on energy storage systems to achieve zero-power flow between the grid and the local network at all times. The performances of the two controllers are verified experimentally. The PI controller is able to achieve a more ideal zero-power flow than the fuzzy controller. However, the fuzzy controller is able to create a more stable power flow than the PI controller under vigorous intermittency of PV power outputs. Therefore, the fuzzy controller is more appropriate for regions with a huge amount of passing clouds. In addition, the fuzzy controller is ideal if lead-acid batteries are used because their state of charge (SoC) can be monitored at all times.
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