Abstract
One of the various methods of manufacturing low-carbon cement is substituting limestone powder as a raw material or admixture. Limestone sludge powder (LSSP) has the same composition as that of limestone powder. The surface characteristics of LSSP powder modified with recycled acetic acid (RAA) and the characteristics of cement using this modified LSSP as a substitute were investigated in this study. The surface of LSSP modified with RAA was converted into calcium acetate and had a large grain size. When conventional LSSP was used as a substitute for cement, the initial strength increased owing to improved pore filling; however, the strength after 28 days of aging was lower than that of non-substituted cement. In the case of modified LSSP being replaced with cement at up to 10% of the cement weight, however, the calcium acetate on its surface increased the amount of hydration products in the cement, thereby increasing both the initial and the long-term strength.
Highlights
One of the major issues in the construction industry in recent years has been the demand for cement materials that can reduce carbon emissions
In Europe, limestone powder may be used at up to 35% according to the EN 197-1 standard, whereas in Canada and the United States, up to 5% Portland cement and 15% Portland limestone cement may be used [3–5]
Limestone sludge powder (LSSP) has the same composition as limestone powder and can be used as a substitute for cement and, as an admixture material of cement mortars
Summary
One of the major issues in the construction industry in recent years has been the demand for cement materials that can reduce carbon emissions. LSSP has the same composition as limestone powder and can be used as a substitute for cement and, as an admixture material of cement mortars. Limestone powder is a raw material of cement, and the LSSP used in this study is an admixture for mixing with cement to reduce cement use. Calcium carbonate, which is a major component of limestone powder, is mostly non-hydrated and, it is possible that the initial strength can be lowered when a substantial amount of LSSP is used [16–21]. Modification of the surfaces of limestone powders using acetic acid can improve the early strength properties of these powders when they are used as admixtures for cement. In this study, an admixture material was developed by modifying LSSP using acetic acid to form reactive limestone powders to enhance the performance of cement mortar. They were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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