Abstract
The effect of ammonia concentration on electrical properties, optical properties and structural properties of chemical bath deposited (CBD) Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films has been revealed. The films were prepared by using cadmium acetate as cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) source, thiourea as sulphur ion (S 2- ) source and ammonia as the complexing agent. Ammonia concentration was changed from 0.1 M - 3.0 M. Ammonia concentration at 2.0 M uniform, dense and continuously coated films were obtained. Not only typical cadmium- pure but also unusual sulphur deficiency phenomena were observed for CBD CdS thin films. In the present investigation, the carrier concentration varied form 1.831X10 6 cm -3 to 1.026X10 6 cm -3 when ammonia concentration is changed from 0.5M to 2.5 M. The direct band gap energy at 0.5M is 1.92eV while at 2.5M is 2.65eV. The surface morphology of as deposited thin films is almost smooth and no grains were observed clearly at low molar concentration and predominant grains at the concentration of ammonia is 2.0M. By estimated Cd:S ratio value is found to be 1.04 by using EDAX. The thin film deposited at 2.0M concentration shows the highest degree crystallinity. The formation mechanism of the films with various ammonia concentrations is discussed. Keywords: Ammonia effect, CBD-CdS thin films, Optical studies, SEM, XRD
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