Abstract
This study examined macrophage morphology, ROS levels, and the RNA expression of inflammatory factors on Ti-M (M = Zr, Ta, Mo) alloy surfaces with varying surface micro-area potential difference (MAPD). Results have shown that MAPD modulated the inflammatory response by affecting macrophage polarization, reducing the RNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing the RNA expression of anti-inflammatory ones, and promoting a shift towards the M2 macrophage state. However, overhigh MAPD levels raised ROS and worsen inflammation.
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