Abstract
An in-depth study on the transformation and distribution of carbons via hydrothermal conversion (HTC) of sewage sludge was conducted to evaluate the catalytic impact of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5). All the experiments were carried out between 180 and 300 °C with ZSM-5 catalyst during the HTC. Chars were analyzed for their carbon content distribution, carbonization degree, carbon-containing functional groups, and Raman chemical structural properties. The results revealed that ZSM-5 catalyst could concentrate carbon-containing matter in char and have distinct catalytic effects of ZSM-5 on carbonization degree. The catalyst with an Si/Al ratio of 300 is appropriate for char production at lower reaction temperatures, whereas the char with lower Si/Al ratio catalyst has better performance under higher reaction temperatures. ZSM-5 has a positive effect on the decomposition of C–(C,H) and promotes formation of C–(O,N) structure. Moreover, it can increase the decomposition of functional groups C═N and enhance ...
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