Abstract
This paper describes the characteristics of contributions made by researchers worldwide in the field of ELF (extremely low frequency) waves from 1957 to 2019. The data were collected through the Scopus database and processed with analytical and bibliometric techniques. The selection of the keywords is an essential step, because ELF has a very different meaning in some areas of medicine, where it is associated with a gene. A total of 12,436 documents were worked on in 12 thematic communities according to their collaborative relationships between authors and documents. Studies included authors publishing in the different thematic areas and the country where the USA stands first with more researchers in this theme than China and Japan. Documents were analyzed from the temporal perspective, their overall contribution, means of publication, and the language of the publication. Research requires extra effort and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve the knowledge, the application, and influence of these fields.
Highlights
The exposure to electromagnetic fields of natural or artificial origin is common in our society, where continuous technological developments increase the knowledge and evolution of these fields.Among the existing signals, the study and determination of extremely low frequency (ELF) signals, located in the range of 0.3 Hz to 0.3 kHz, is increasingly important and demanded, and scientific contributions based on this topic date from 1957 to the present
After searching for the keywords, a total of 12,436 documents were obtained with a total of 42,813 relations between authors, established from 1956 to December 2019
We can distinguish three zones in which the largest communities are located. One of these areas is located in the upper left of the figure where three communities can be distinguished, another area is the central area where two communities are observed, one of them being the largest compared to the rest, and the last one is the area located in the lower part of the figure, where there are three communities that are related to each other, one of them being somewhat superior to the rest
Summary
The study and determination of extremely low frequency (ELF) signals, located in the range of 0.3 Hz to 0.3 kHz, is increasingly important and demanded, and scientific contributions based on this topic date from 1957 to the present. All the investigations carried out on ELF signals have a common basis such as the generation-reception of waves, they cover different areas of application. For an antenna to generate or receive a very-low-frequency wave, it requires dimensions of the order of the wavelength it is radiating so this process is not trivial. ELF signals have wavelengths of the order of the Earth’s diameter, so to transmit these signals, the Earth itself should be used as an antenna [1]. The need to establish large antennas, together with the wide applications of
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