Abstract
Phononic crystals (PnCs) control the transport of sound and heat similar to the control of electric currents by semiconductors and metals or light by photonic crystals. Basic and applied research on PnCs spans the entire phononic spectrum, from seismic waves and audible sound to gigahertz phononics for telecommunications and thermal transport in the terahertz range. Here, we review the progress and applications of PnCs across their spectrum, and we offer some perspectives in view of the growing demand for vibrational isolation, fast signal processing, and miniaturization of devices. Current research on macroscopic low-frequency PnCs offers complete solutions from design and optimization to construction and characterization, e.g., sound insulators, seismic shields, and ultrasonic imaging devices. Hypersonic PnCs made of novel low-dimensional nanomaterials can be used to develop smaller microelectromechanical systems and faster wireless networks. The operational frequency, compactness, and efficiency of wireless communications can also increase using principles of optomechanics. In the terahertz range, PnCs can be used for efficient heat removal from electronic devices and for novel thermoelectrics. Finally, the introduction of topology in condensed matter physics has provided revolutionary designs of macroscopic sub-gigahertz PnCs, which can now be transferred to the gigahertz range with advanced nanofabrication techniques and momentum-resolved spectroscopy of acoustic phonons.
Highlights
In 1932, Frenkel[1] used the term phonon to describe a quantum of the acoustic field, a new hypothetical particle introduced 2 years earlier by Tamm.[2]
Since the earlier works on sonic bandgap crystals,[22,23] research on Phononic crystals (PnCs) and acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) in the sub-GHz frequency spectrum is an active domain with promising applications
The transition from research to the industry can be achieved for two types of PnCs: macroscopic sub-GHz PnCs for vibrational isolation and microscopic, hypersonic PnCs for mechanical systems (MEMS) and telecommunication
Summary
In 1932, Frenkel[1] used the term phonon to describe a quantum of the acoustic field, a new hypothetical particle introduced 2 years earlier by Tamm.[2]. The first theoretical proposals for 2D acoustic bandgap materials were published almost simultaneously by Sigalas and Economou[16] and Kushwaha et al.[17] Notably, one has to give credit to much earlier works from the 1970s and 1980s on the propagation of SAWs in periodically corrugated surfaces, being 1D PnCs.[18,19,20] In the last three decades, theoretical and experimental research on PnCs in the full phononic spectrum have flourished Quite often, these studies were inspired by the achievements of the more mature fields of photonics and electronics. We cover recent advances and prospects of topological phononics in a broad spectrum of frequencies
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