Abstract
The programmable CSF shunt valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve settings. Four major manufacturers of programmable shunts agreed to participate in this study. Each provided radiographic images and legends for their appropriate interpretation. Issues of MR imaging compatibility for each valve are also discussed.
Highlights
Current product literature states that patients with an implanted Codman Hakim Programmable Valve can safely undergo MR imaging under the following conditions: 1) static magnetic field of Յ3T, 2) spatial gradient of Յ720 G/cm, and 3) limited radio-frequency energy to a wholebody-averaged specific absorption rate of 3 watts per kilogram for
All valves described are MR imagingϪ compatible up to 3T. They require prompt setting assessment and/or readjustment after MR imaging to correct changes in opening pressure induced by magnetic fields
Because an undetected change in opening pressure is potentially dangerous, it is prudent to confer with the clinician managing a given patient’s shunt after each MR imaging
Summary
The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve settings. The purpose of this study was to provide a single reference containing radiographic depictions of the major programmable shunt valves in current use as well as information for accurate reporting of shunt valve settings
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