Profiling of various dry Cannabis sativa from Aceh, Indonesia, based on cannabinoids spectroscopy characteristics

Background Cannabis, which is a narcotic plant, refers to the leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds. Cannabis is used globally for its psychoactive properties with 2.5% of the world's population consuming it for. In Indonesia, the plant is classified as a Class 1 narcotic with a prevalence of use reaching 41.4%. Aceh is one of the largest cannabis producing regions in Indonesia, due to its favorable geographical and climatic conditions. Despite its illegal status, cannabis contains valuable phytocannabinoid compounds and is potentially important in medical applications. Previous studies have shown a correlation between the compound profile of cannabis and its geographical origin. This study aims to develop a classification method based on the cannabinoids compound profiles of dried cannabis samples taken from five regions in Aceh (Aceh Besar, Aceh Tengah, Bireuen, Lhokseumawe, and Pidie Jaya), by microscopy, raman spectrophotometry, GC-MS, and parametric statistical analysis to assist authorities in tracing the source of cannabis for law enforcement and forensic purposes. Results In this study, dried Cannabis sativa from five regions of Aceh, Indonesia, was tested with Raman spectroscopy and GC-MS to produce informative cannabinoid compound profiles as plant profiling. The results obtained 10 cannabinoids quantified in plant samples (Δ9-THC, CBD, THCV, CBL, CBTC, Methoxy-THC, CBC, CBG, Δ9-THCH, and CBN). The cannabinoids compound profile showed Δ9-THC had the highest overall content and was indicated as the most important compound in the cannabis plant clustering profile. Among the various regions, Aceh Besar had the highest cannabis content. Statistical analysis of Raman spectroscopy and GC-MS data found (1) revealed compounds responsible for clustering cultivars between clusters, (2) variation among cannabis chemical profiles as a result of growing environment, and (3) facilitated prediction of cannabis profiles in helping to categorize regions of unknown cannabis origin based on chemical profiles. Conclusion Raman spectroscopy and GC-MS have proven reliable and efficient methods for classifying Cannabis sativa based on its cannabinoid profile in Aceh, Indonesia. The findings help reveal the geographical origin of the growing location of cannabis plant specimens. All five cannabis samples contained a major Δ9-THC psychoactive constituent. The highest Δ9-THC content comes from AB due to the influence of environmental factors. Parametric test analysis concluded that there was no significant effect of geog raphical origin related to the relatively close distance range of samples. Additionally, comparing these methods with other analytical techniques will support defined classification models and improve their application in forensic science, particularly in drug enforcement and quality assessment.

MIN 20 Aceh Besar is one of the state schools in the science learning process using package books in the form of teacher's books and student learning books provided by the government, which is a publication outside the Aceh region, where the package book itself does not discuss the local wisdom that exists in Aceh, especially in Aceh Besar so that students still do not understand the meaning and examples of local wisdom that exist in the local area, namely Aceh Besar. The teacher delivers material according to the textbook without using learning models, especially science material. The aim of the research is to analyze the feasibility test of an inquiry model learning device based on Aceh Besar's local wisdom on material on the digestive system and balanced nutrition that is appropriate for class V students of MIN 20 Aceh Besar. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model. The data collection technique uses a feasibility test sheet. The data analysis technique uses a percentage formula. The research results of the feasibility test of the learning device based on local wisdom, Aceh Besar obtained a result of 98.3% with a very feasible category, the results of the feasibility test on the digestive system material and balanced nutrition with a model of inquiry based on local wisdom, Aceh Besar obtained a result of 94% with a very feasible category and The results of the language feasibility test on local wisdom-based inquiry learning tools, Aceh Besar, obtained 80% results with adequate national education. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the feasibility test of the Aceh Besar local wisdom-based inquiry model learning device on digestive system and balanced nutrition material is suitable for use in the learning process.

Sumatran fault in western Indonesia is one of the largest strike-slip fault in the world. The fault was formed as a result of the slip partitioning of the oblique convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plate along the Sunda trench. The right-lateral movement of the fault is accomodated by 19 fault segments that dissects the entire Sumatra island. We study the Aceh fault segment, which is located at the northernmost parts of the fault. The Aceh fault segment spans 250 km long passing through three districts: West Aceh, Pidie Jaya, and Aceh Besar and is affecting a total of ~546.143 population in the area. The current segmentation model assumes that Aceh fault segment acts as a single fault segment, which would generate closer to a M8 earthquake. This estimation is inconsistent with the ~M6-7 historical earthquake data. We conduct a detailed active fault mapping using the ~8 m resolution digital elevation model of DEMNAS and the sub-m DEM data from UAV-based photogrammetry to resolve the segmentation model of this fault. Our study indicate that the Aceh fault segment can be divided into 8 subsegments: Beutong, Kuala Tripa, Geumpang, Mane, Tangse, Jantho, Indrapuri, and Pulo Aceh. The fault kinematics identified in the field is consistent with right-lateral faulting. We measured cumulative displacement of geomorphic features (channels and ridges) ranging from 12.7 to 1931 m at some area. Findings of our study provide better estimation of the fault geometry and the maximum magnitude of potential earthquake along the Aceh fault segment as well as recommendation of prospective sliprate study sites. These informations are important for the development of seismic hazard analysis of the area.

Climate variability especially rainfall is an important factor in observing climate change. Extreme weather events can disrupt the rice planting calendar system which ultimately causes crop failure. The planting season for each region depends on the rainfall of an area. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison of the predicted rainfall results in Sabang, Aceh Besar, and Aceh Tengah Municipality. Historical data for 1988-2015 were taken from BMKG. The ARIMA model was divided into three groups, namely autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA), and ARIMA (autoregressive moving average) models. The best prediction model was seen from the model that has the smallest standard error estimate (S) value. The results shows that the three regions have different rainfall than the seasonal plot visualization. The highest peaks of rainfall occurred on October and November in Aceh Besar, on November and December in Aceh Tengah, and only on December in Sabang (Weh Island). The best model for predicting rainfall for January 2016-December 2020 in Sabang was ARIMA (1,0,0) (2,0,0)[12]. The prediction model for the location of Aceh Besar in the future was ARIMA (0,0,0) (2,0,0)[12]. In Aceh Tengah, the best model for predicting January 2016-December 2020 rainfall was ARIMA (1,0,0) (2,0,2)[12]. Forecasting using ARIMA model was good for short-term forecasting, while for long-term forecasting, the accuracy of the forecasting was not good because the trends of rainfall was flat.

This study aims to describe the diversity of ornaments used in traditional house in Aceh Besar and Aceh Tengah. The diversity of ornaments was viewed through four approaches, including: the location of ornament used in traditional house, types of ornament, the basic form of geometric, and the function. The location of ornaments used in traditional houses Is divided into three parts, lower part (the feet of the building), middle part (the body of the building), and top (the head of the building). The type of ornament described the category of ornament. The basic form of ornament is a study that described the geometric type of ornament. Finally, the ornament function is to explain the aesthetic, meaning, and technical functions of using ornamentation. Rumoh Aceh and Umah Pitu Ruang are cultural assets and local identities of Aceh with all its local wisdom. This study was conducted as an effort to preserve the existence of ornaments in Aceh traditional house, especially in Aceh Besar and Aceh Tengah.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of bacteria that live saprophytically in the root area (rhizosphere) acting as a plant growth promoter. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from Aceh Besar and Aceh Tengah in supporting the growth of Aceh patchouli Sidikalang variety. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University and patchouli planting was carried out at the Patchouli Innovation Park (Nino Park), Syiah Kuala University, which took place from December 2022 to June 2023. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The factor studied was the type of rhizobacterial isolate consisting of 15 treatment levels, namely 1 treatment without rhizobacteria, 7 treatments given indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from Lambada, Seulimeum District, Aceh Besar Regency and 7 treatments given rhizobacterial isolates from Paya Tampu village, Rusip Antara District, Central Aceh Regency. The observation parameters studied are of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter, area per leaf blade, root length, root volume and wet biomass weight of plants. The results showed that indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from Aceh Besar and Aceh Tengah effectively increased the average plant height of Sidikalang variety patchouli at 4 and 8 MSA (26%, and 24%), number of leaves (46%, and 58%), number of branches (78% and 50%), area per leaf blade (34%), root length (19%), root volume (60%) and plant wet biomass weight (50.61%).

Village names in Indonesia, especially in the Aceh region, hold meanings that are not only geographical, but also historical, social, and spiritual. This research raises the main issue related to the lack of in-depth studies on the toponymic meaning of village names in Lhoknga District, Aceh Besar, which has not been explored anthropolinguistically. The purpose of this research is to describe the origin and naming aspects of the village by exploring the cultural, historical, and linguistic meanings contained in the names. This research used a qualitative approach with an anthropolinguistic-based descriptive-analytical method, and data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and archival and oral tradition documentation. The data were analyzed through a multidimensional approach that combines semantic, morphological, and social and cultural context aspects. The results show that village names such as Cot Bak U, Ujong Tanoh, and Lam Puuk not only function as location markers, but also represent value systems, historical narratives, and the community's spiritual relationship with its environment. Village naming has proven to be an important part of intangible cultural heritage that strengthens local identity and becomes a source of community knowledge. This research concludes that toponymy in Lhoknga reflects the close relationship between language, culture and history, and has strategic value in cultural preservation, education and community development.

The impact of effective media relations on the prominence of Aceh Tengah Regency in Aceh Province, Indonesia as a tourist destination in the province is significant. These connections are vital for promoting tourism, and the use of social media to present tourist attractions has become essential. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study aims to evaluate the practical application of the media relations model at the Aceh Tengah Cultural and Tourism Office in 2023. This model encompasses a range of initiatives, such as press tours, meetings, press releases, press conferences, press receptions, press relations, and media events. The Aceh Tengah Cultural and Tourism Office aimed to boost media coverage, tourist appeal, and engagement through the active pursuit of various initiatives. The media relations model, in addition to providing advantages to mass media organizations by facilitating the dissemination of information about tourism in the Aceh Tengah Regency, also serves to cultivate mutually beneficial relationships between the two parties. The use of information technology has made content tourism a beneficial resource for individuals intending to travel to the Aceh Tengah Regency in Indonesia.

One of the gemstones in Aceh Indonesia is called black-jade where the name of black-jade is a local name. Unfortunately, detail information about this gemstone is still limited. No one knows whether this gemstone can be categorized as jade or not until this study is presented. We have utilized X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) to study the black-jade gemstone from Aceh Tengah (Takengon) and Nagan Raya regions in Indonesia. Our results show that the black-jade gemstone from Aceh Tengah contains 39.6% of SiO2, 35% of Fe2O3, 17% of MgO, 3% of CaO, and 2% of NiO. While, the black-jade gemstone from Nagan Raya contains a little bit less SiO2 but more Fe2O3 than that of black-jade from Aceh Tengah: 38.4% of SiO2, 39% of Fe2O3, 17% of MgO, 0.5% of CaO, and 2.6% of NiO. By comparing the results to the available mineral data (jadeite, nephrite-actinolite, nephrite-tremolite, serpentine-clinochrysotile, serpentine-antigorite, and vesuvianite), we found that oxide compounds contained in the black-jade gemstone from Aceh are found in the serpentine-antigorite, except H2O. The total difference between the oxide compositions in black-jade and serpentine-antigorite is 43% with its average difference of 11%. This means that the oxide composition in black-jade is almost the same as in the serpentine-antigorite. Accordingly, the black-jade gemstone from Aceh Indonesia is a type of serpentine-antigorite-jade.

The objective of this research was to study and cluster of Jatropha germplasm belonging to University of Sriwijaya. This research was conducted from September 2007 until July 2008. The research used 14 accessions of Jatropha taken from some regions in Indonesia, namely: Komering, Palembang, Yogyakarta, Indralaya, ATP2, Pontianak, Lahat, Pagaralam, Curup, Lampung, Medan Aceh Besar, Pidi and Gorontalo. Accessions of Jatropha curcas L. were planted at Agro Techno Park (ATP) Bakung village, Indralaya Utara district Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera using Randomized Complete Block Design. RAPD analysis using 20 primers was done at RGCI (Research Group on Crop Improvement), Bogor Agricultural University. Dendrogram based on RAPD analysis produced five groups that were: the first group was Komering, Lahat, Pidi, Indralaya, Aceh Besar, Pontianak and Curup. The second group was Palembang and ATP2. The third group was Pagaralam, Gorontalo, and Medan. Lampung was included in to fourth group. The fifth group was Yogyakarta. Dendrogram from morphological marker had also five groups. First group was: Komering, Indralaya, Pontianak. Lahat, and Pagaralam. Second group was: Palembang, Lampung, Pidi, Medan, and ATP2. Third group was: Curup. Fourth group was: Yogyakarta and Gorontalo. Fifth group was: Aceh Besar. The difference of member from each groups between dendrogram using RAPD and morphological markers indicated that the bands resulted from RAPD did not have relation with characters observed. Key words: Jatropha curcas L, RAPD analysis, Morphologycal marker, cluster analysis

The Pidie Jaya, Aceh earthquake occurred on December 7th, 2016 that caused damage to the northern coastal area. This event was caused by a local fault (Trienggadeng Fault). The existence of this fault is close to settlements so we need the mitigation efforts to reduce the casualties and material loss. One of those efforts is mapping the fault location by using the gravity method that is sensitive to subsurface rock density changes. In this study, we used GGMplus gravity data then processed with derivative analysis (First Horizontal Derivative and Second Vertical Derivative) to determine the location and type of fault. By performing the slices, we found that this fault is oblique with strike-slip dominant tends to reverse fault. The azimuth discovered through fault position traces that the value is 47.5°. Then, we use 3D inversion modeling to obtain a subsurface structure model. The average density is 2.3 g/cm3. The model shows a distribution of limestone and sandstone sedimentary rocks reaches a 4 km depth. The clay sediments follow the river flow. In the southern part, there are andesite and granite igneous rocks. The difference in rock density within 3 km and below indicates the existence of the Trienggadeng Fault.

Abstract. Kartini K, Sabatini SS, Haridsa NM, Jayani NIE, Setiawan F, Hadiyat MA. 2023. TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6557-6566. Geographical origin is an important parameter that influences the quality of herbal medicine. The fingerprint of herbal plants is expressed as chemical compounds contributing to said quality. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, popular as java turmeric, is extensively used in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aimed to validate and develop a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint of C. xanthorrhiza, followed by chemometric techniques to classify C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes from 15 regions in Indonesia. Under selected TLC conditions (i.e., stationary phase: TLC plate Silica gel 60 GF254, mobile phase: dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethanol (10: 10: 1), detection: vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent), C. xanthorrhiza produced five zones of the compound. Extracts were stable both on the TLC plate and in the extract solution during chromatography and within 60 minutes after derivatization. In terms of precision, the chromatogram meets the requirement of intraday precision. Chemometric analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) showed that the samples of C. xanthorrhiza from 15 regions in Indonesia were grouped into five clusters based on the similarity of the chemical compounds, namely cluster 1 (Tawangmangu, Bangkalan, Kediri, and Surabaya); cluster 2 (Batu, Sragen, Tulungagung, Pasuruan, Blitar, and Lombok Tengah); cluster 3 (Ngawi); cluster 4 (Gresik); and cluster 5 (Bojonegoro, Banyuwangi, and Palangkaraya). The TLC fingerprinting with chemometrics on C. xanthorrhiza rhizome is useful for quality control based on geographic origin and authenticity identification.

The problem of income inequality and poverty is a key issue that is always associated with economic development, both in developed and developing countries. Eliminating poverty and reducing economic inequality are absolutely necessary in order to realize social welfare. If the government does not actively intervene in economic activities, then economic activities will be regulated by market mechanisms and then have a negative impact on further development, namely the widening of the welfare gap from time to time between rich and poor areas as a result of the economic activities of richer areas. smoothly compared to poor areas. Aceh is one of the regions, regions or parts of the Republic of Indonesia. In 2013 the Province of Aceh was divided into 18 districts and 5 cities, consisting of 284 sub-districts, 755 mukim and 6,450 gampong or villages with an area of Aceh Province of 5,677,081 ha and a population of 4,597,308 people (BPS Aceh, 2013). The Central Statistics Agency (BPS, 2021) noted that there were 834.24 thousand poor people in Aceh in March 2021, an increase of 0.04 percent compared to September 2020 of 833.91 thousand people. However, the poverty rate in Aceh has decreased from 10.43 percent in September 2020 to 10.33 percent in March 2021. In detail, the poverty rate in rural Aceh has decreased from 17.96 percent in September 2020 to 17.78 percent in March 2021. Meanwhile, the urban poverty rate in Aceh will increase from 10.31 percent in September 2020 to 10.46 percent in March 2021. This research was conducted in all districts and cities in Aceh Province starting from Simeulue, Aceh Singkil, South Aceh, Southeast Aceh, East Aceh, Central Aceh, West Aceh, Great Aceh, Pidie, Bireuen, North Aceh, Southwest Aceh, Gayo lues, Aceh Tamiang, Nagan Raya, Aceh Jaya, Banda Aceh, Sabang, Langsa, Lhokseumawe, Bener merry, Pidie Jaya and Subulussalam. To see income inequality between districts in Aceh Province, the variable is limited to income per capita and the population of each district is analyzed from the 2010-2020 period. The data used is secondary data, obtained from the Aceh Province Central Statistics Agency, BAPPEDA Aceh and a number of reports and literature especially from several offices and related agencies. The model used to see the direction of development inequality is the Williamson Coefficient Formula. Regional development is considered evenly distributed if the Williamson Coefficient is equal to zero or close to zero. Vice versa, development inequality will occur if the coefficient value is further away from zero. Of the 23 regencies/cities in Aceh Province, the most evenly distributed income per capita with a Williamson coefficient value below 0.05 is Aceh Singkil, South Aceh, Sabang, Langsa, Subulussalam, Aceh Tamiang, Nagan Raya, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues, Central Aceh. , West Aceh, Aceh Besar, Bireuen and Southwest Aceh District. The second order for districts/cities with a fairly even level of income distribution and having a Williamson coefficient value between 0.05-0.09 is Simeulue, Southeast Aceh, Pidie, North Aceh, Aceh Jaya and Pidie Jaya districts. The third order for districts/cities with an uneven level of income distribution and having a Williamson coefficient value above 0.10 is East Aceh District, Lhokseumawe City and Banda Aceh City. It turns out that the income inequality that occurs increases the level of poverty that occurs in Aceh Province. It is hoped that local governments can identify all the potential resources contained in their respective regions and then explore them to increase the Gross Regional Domestic Product, so that in turn it can increase per capita income itself and will reduce the number of poor people. For further research, it is expected to be able to add economic growth variables to see the link between inequality and economic growth itself in Aceh Province

Limitations of access and loss of various life assets caused by tsunami and conflicts in Aceh faced by farmers have influenced their survival. The purpose of this research is to analyze the model of factor determination of farmer’s assets after the-tsunami in Aceh. This study was conducted in Aceh Province covering five areas: Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar, Pidie Jaya, Bireun and Aceh Utara. The total sample for this study was 280 farmers. Sampling method used is stratified random sampling method. This research used primary data obtained by survey using questionnaire and secondary data. Data was analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling model is by measurement model. Model 2 is used as the final model for the construct of the farmer’s living assets as it demonstrates good model compatibility. It also indicates that all loading factor values are above 0.5 and all probability values are significant at a = 1%. It indicated that all indicators can explain the existing constructs.

Acehnese is one of ethnic of seven others (Gayo, Alas, Aneuk Jamee, Kluet, Singkil, Tamiang, Simeulu) who are in Aceh Province. Indigenous knowledge is a cultural heritage that can function as a conservation effort on biological resources. Postnatal mother care is one of the cultures of the Acehnese people. The aim of this research is to obtain information about postnatal mother care by the Acehnese. The method was Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and observation techniques by purposive respondents (midwives (makblien), postnatal mothers, and mothers aged ⩾45 y). The data werecollected in six districts of Aceh Province (Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, Pidie, Pidie Jaya, Bireun, and Aceh Jaya). The results showed that there were three to seven treatments in postnatal mother care, including body massage, herbal remedies for stomach appliances, hot stone (tőetbatee), fog treatment (salee), herb body scrub (param), bathing herb, and herb pills. The herb pillswere the most popular treatment and used many plants than the others. Otherwise, fog treatment wasnot popular in postnatal mother care. Aceh Besar district could be predicted to conserve local knowledge and medicinal plant than the others.