Abstract
Background: The single most dreaded complication in severe malaria is cerebral malaria, but extracerebral serious complications are becoming frequent in endemic areas, which include hepatic dysfunctions with jaundice. Materials and Methods: This prospective case series study was undertaken to observe the clinical profile in 81cases of complicated malaria presenting with jaundice out of 344 hospitalized patients diagnosed with acute severe malaria. Liver function tests were assessed and the patients were followed up to 4 weeks. Results: 85% cases with jaundice had Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf ) infection. Significant findings included a predominantly hemolytic jaundice (mean bilirubin 7.6 mg%, unconjugated 4.83 mg%, conjugated 2.79 mg%), raised ALT > AST (mean 101.2 vs.74.7 iu) and a mean prothrombin time of 3 sec > control. Acute renal failure was common (77%). No residual hepatic dysfunctions were detected in survivors on follow-up. Mortality was 10%, mostly due to delayed diagnosis and associated serious co-morbid conditions. Conclusion: Differentiating fulminant viral hepatitis with multi-organ failure and early treatment of associated complications are crucial to reduce mortality in malaria presenting with jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice with mild and relatively early reversibility of hepatocellular dysfunction usually points towards complicated Pf malaria. Histologically, there is mild hepatic derangement. Acute renal failure is commonly associated. Vivax malaria can also cause hepatic dysfunctions. Mere presence of jaundice does not increase mortality compared to those without jaundice
Highlights
The single most dreaded complication in severe malaria is cerebral malaria, but extracerebral serious complications are becoming frequent in endemic areas, which include hepatic dysfunctions with jaundice
Mixed infection was observed in 8 cases (10%), of which 2 had mixed infection on admission, while the other 6 initially showed Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection and subsequently found to be positive for Plasmodium vivax (Pv) infection. 72 cases showed asexual ring forms while both gametocytes and trophozoites were present in 9 Pf cases
Malarial hepatopathy is not ucommon in North-East India, but hemolysis is the major cause of jaundice rather than hepatitis
Summary
The single most dreaded complication in severe malaria is cerebral malaria, but extracerebral serious complications are becoming frequent in endemic areas, which include hepatic dysfunctions with jaundice. Materials and Methods: This prospective case series study was undertaken to observe the clinical profile in 81cases of complicated malaria presenting with jaundice out of 344 hospitalized patients diagnosed with acute severe malaria. No residual hepatic dysfunctions were detected in survivors on follow-up. Conclusion: Differentiating fulminant viral hepatitis with multi-organ failure and early treatment of associated complications are crucial to reduce mortality in malaria presenting with jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice with mild and relatively early reversibility of hepatocellular dysfunction usually points towards complicated Pf malaria. Mere presence of jaundice does not increase mortality compared to those without jaundice
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