Professor Eduardo Dellacassa kindly granted an interview to BrJAC

The role of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)

Building research capacities in developing countries is necessary for economic success in the long term. But the numerous problems in doing so have to be solved for each country individually

An important phenomenon of the Polish literature on the turn of the millennia was emergence of many valuable works with religious and metaphysical subject: by Herbert, Milosz, Rozewicz, or John Paul II. It has gained a scholarly reaction in the shape of formation of the trend of research of the issues of relations between literature and religion. The present review essay discusses a number of books by middle generation scholars who are reaching their scholarly independence. The presented monographs examined poets of several periods, from Leśmian (Michal Nawrocki) to Milosz and Rozewicz (Miroslaw Dzien) to Father Ihnatowicz (Alicja Ozog-Jakubowska). The monograph by Father Jerzy Sikora – just as the previous volume – concerns the religious rhetoric, in this case – the preaching of Father Jozef Tischner. The scholars, whose education and skills are not only philological but also theological and philosophic, have presented various analytic techniques and interpretation theories

Abstracts 8th PCNE working symposium ‘Navigating research on pharmaceutical care’. 11–12 February 2022, Lisbon, Portugal

Beyond the confines of the laboratory, Prof. Rao has played major roles in policy, advocacy and development of science both in India and globally, mostly in the less developed world. He has an impressive track record of building many scientific institutions in India such as JNCASR, several nano institutes (under the India's Nano mission), Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, etc. He was also the Director of the Indian Institute of Science from 1984 for a decade. Also, Prof. Rao has been an advocate of knowledge equality amongst the world's population. In fulfilling this passion, he was the President of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). TWAS has helped to train hundredths of young scientists from the developing world and has also facilitated the establishment of science academies, stimulating science in many of these science-disadvantage countries. In addition, he also served as President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). An important part of his profile is that Prof. Rao have been able to accomplish these in less than the most favorable circumstances demonstrating his sheer determination and commitment. On the humane side, Prof. Rao has helped many bright and deserving persons to find a job, get an award or simply by appreciating his/her work and inviting them to meetings organized by him. Not infrequently, he has helped people in distress due to health issues, to find qualified and excellent doctors. This Research Topic is a celebration of the interactions between some established and earlycareer materials chemists who have either directly collaborated or have been inspired by the works of Prof. Rao. The topic covers a range of topics including the revelation of a new structural phase for high-pressured and high temperature orthorhombic R2BaCuO5 (R = Sm and Eu), the synthesis of a hybrid MoS2-carbon material used as high-performance electrode material in supercapacitor, the application of a new ceramic thermistor material with good negative temperature coefficient (NTC) at high and wide temperature ranges, and solar enhanced oxygen evolution reaction with transition metal telluride.In the article, 'High-pressure synthesis and magnetic properties of tetragonal R2BaCuO5 (R = Sm and Eu)', by Mishra, S., Yanda, P., Bhat, S., Etter, M., & Sundaresan, A., the authors used high-pressure synthesis to convert R2BaCuO5 (R = Sm and Eu) normally with an orthorhombic phase to a novel tetragonal phase with varying magnetic properties. The magnetic analyses revealed that Eu2BaCuO5 in the tetragonal phase is a promising magnetocaloric material. These materials are of interest due to their applications in innovative cooling technologies. Magnetocaloric refrigeration systems are currently at various stages of commercial development. Overall, the study demonstrates the potentials of using high-pressure synthesis to obtain novel materials. Khandare, L. N., Late, D. J., & Chaure, N. B. in the article, 'MoS2 nanobelts-carbon hybrid material for supercapacitor applications', synthesized a low-cost hybrid MoS2 nanobeltscarbon electrode material possessing a stable cycle life and high-specific capacitance in a supercapacitor. This high-performance electrode material also has potentials in other electrochemical storage systems, other than supercapacitors.The research paper, 'High-stability solid solution perovskite (1-x)Bi0.2Sr0.5La0.3TiO3-xLaMnO3 (0.05≤ × ≤0.2) for wide-temperature NTC thermistors by Liu, T., Yang, G., Ma, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, M., & Chang, A. presented a new high temperature NTC thermistor material with perovskite structure. Unlike other known NTC materials, this solid solution ceramic materials have low sintering temperature, stable structure and display good electrical characteristics over a wide temperature range (25 o C -600 o C). The exceptional conduction mechanism of this thermistor materials was also revealed which could facilitate the production of other excellent NTC ceramic thermistors.'Solar enhanced oxygen evolution reaction with transition metal telluride' is a research paper by Singh, H., Higuchi-Roos, T., Roncoroni, F., Prendergast, D., & Nath, M. Herein, nickel telluride showed attractive catalytic activity in a solar-coupled electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) recording enhanced photo response, excellent light harvesting ability, and increased interfacial kinetics of charge separation. NiTe which is a non-precious transition metal with low operating cost is a highly efficient electrocatalyst for light activated water splitting leading to very low OER overpotential.

is dedicated to the Royal Australian Chemical Institute’s Natural Products group. The group meets annually, in the first week of October, for a one-day symposium at a venue in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This year’s program was held at Southern Cross University (SCU) in Lismore and attracted a large audience from Queensland, as well as NSW, because of Lismore’s proximity to the Queensland border. The most recent program can be found on the web at http://www.chem.mq.edu.au/npg. This collection of seven papers form the proceedings of the 2004 one-day symposia and I would like to thank the authors for their patience and our sponsors Davies Collison Cave, Biosignal, Agilent Technologies, Medos and of course the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) for their generous support. Natural products chemistry has a long history in Australia. In fact, the first chemistry department in the country, at the University of Sydney, was founded on natural products chemistry with such great names as H. G. Smith, Sir Robert Robinson, Ernest Ritchie, W. C. Taylor and Rod Richard, to name just a few. Australia’s unique flora and fauna has assured more or less continuous interest in natural products chemistry in this country, both terrestrially and (more recently) in the marine environment. However, interest in natural products and natural product chemistry has surged in the last year or two and we all hope that this trend continues, spurred on by the new Biotech boom that is focused on the pharmaceutical industry and the quest for new products for human health. The scientific program reflected the current state of natural products chemistry in Australia and the first paper in the special issue, by Ian Southwell, set the scene by outlining the history of natural products research in the Department of Primary Industries over the past 25 years. An historic perspective also opened the Symposium, with a lecture from Peter Waterman, who also opened the 1999 RACI Natural Products Symposium [1]. At that time, Southern Cross University lured Peter from the UK with the promise of a Centre for Phytochemistry (now Centre of Phytochemistry and

This research aimed to develop laboratory module of isolation trimyristin from nutmeg ( Garcinia m angostana) to support natural product chemistry course. The research design used 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The population in this study covers all students of Chemistry Education Program, University of Mataram who took natural product course. Meanwhile there were four students who became the sample in this study. The four students were taken randomly and became respondents for a limited trial. The results showed that the validity of three validators obtained by using Aiken index was V = 0.7 indicated that the natural chemistry laboratory module about trimyristin isolation from nutmeg was valid and feasible to use. Practicality can be seen from the responses of students and lecturers who showed a positive response with the average of all module component practicability of 83%. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the natural chemistry labortory module of isolation trimyristin from nutmeg was feasible and practical, so it can be used in the learning process.

The organization originally known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, which in 2004 rebranded itself as TWAS: the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, has now got a new name – TWAS: the World Academy of Sciences.

Natural products chemistry primarily involves research on organic compounds produced by plants, animals, and microorganisms, and focuses not only on the determination of chemical structures and biosynthesis, but also on chemical synthesis and the development of stereoselective chemical reactions. In recent years, developments have spread to the field of molecular biology in particular, as indicated by the investigation of the relationship between the structure and activity of biologically active substances, in addition to the elucidation of the mechanisms of biological effects at the molecular level. These achievements have facilitated corresponding progress in other related sciences, and have contributed significantly to developments in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other industries. Meanwhile, the science of biodiversity focuses on objectives such as the search for active ingredients in organisms and the preservation of species and diversity, from a scientific perspective. These two fields are closely related in their respective focuses on the diversity of organisms and the diversity of metabolic products, and it is for this reason that the respective conferences on biodiversity and natural products chemistry have come to be merged, starting with the preceding event in the series, held in India. I believe that this joint approach is highly beneficial, and sincerely hope that this conference has provided opportunities for exchange of a diverse range of information between the respective researchers and has contributed to further global development of these fields. This conference was held at the Kyoto International Conference Hall on 23-28 July 2006, and was officially sponsored by IUPAC and hosted by the Science Council of Japan jointly with the Chemical Society of Japan, the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, and the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. In addition to 17 plenary speakers, lectures were also delivered by 77 invitees of various generations, and 580 posters were presented, primarily by younger delegates, of which 72 were supplemented by oral presentations. In order to broadly examine various topics relating to each aspect of the field of natural products chemistry, discussions were conducted by classifying this diverse field into the following eight themes, thereby promoting interactions between researchers and cooperation between related fields. - Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Natural Products - Synthesis of Natural Products and their Models - Biosynthesis and Genetic Engineering on Natural Products - Spectroscopy in Natural Products Chemistry - Molecular Mode of Action on Natural Products and Drugs - Chemical Biology and Related Areas - Chemistry and Biochemistry Related to Biodiversity - Drug Diversity and Developments Approximately 1200 participants from 31 countries and regions attended this conference, and exhibits from a total of 26 companies were presented in the concurrently held exhibition. In addition, pre- and post-symposia were held in Nagoya, Tokushima, Sapporo, Sendai, Fukuoka, and Tokyo, and the 48th Symposium of a regular series on the Chemistry of Natural Products (in Sendai) also took advantage of the opportunity to promote more diverse and closer interactions. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the aforementioned hosts, co-hosts, and many other organizations and individuals for their support, without which this conference would not have been possible. Finally, it is my sincere hope that this conference has provided opportunities for the future advancement of natural products chemistry and biodiversity science. Daisuke Uemura Chairman, Organizing Committee

This guest editorial sketches the history of the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) and presents the research topics currently developed at the Institute. The "Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles" (Gif-sur-Yvette, France) was created by the CNRS1 in 1959, under the scientific input of Prof. Edgar Lederer and Maurice-Marie Janot, with the aim to promote the Chemistry of Natural Products in France through both research and training programs. Indeed, this area was not covered by academic research programs that were mainly devoted, at that time, to fundamental organic synthesis. The Institute was structured initially into two separate sections around the research activities of its founders: the chemistry of alkaloids and antibiotics, on one hand, and the chemistry of natural products of microbial, plant, and animal origins, on the other. Since the foundation of the ICSN answered to a deliberate commitment and scientific policy of the CNRS, the Institute received strong support in terms of human resources. In 1960, the Institute's 114 research scientists, engineers, and technicians represented more than 10 % of all the chemists hired by the CNRS at the national level. The permanent staff of the Institute increased regularly in number, and over 170 scientific employees were hired by both the CNRS and INSERM2 in the eighties when the ICSN attained prominent international renown. From the seventies onwards, the Institute was directed or co-directed by Pierre Potier (from 1974 to 2000), Sir Derek Barton (from 1977 to 1986), and Guy Ourisson (from 1985 to 1989), then followed by Jean-Yves Lallemand, David Crich, and Max Malacria during the 2001–2014 period. At the interface between chemistry and biology, research at the ICSN focused mainly on natural products of biological relevance, and as potential sources of new drugs, in strong connection with French industrial partners (Roussel-Uclaf, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Servier, and others). In pioneering actions, research antennas were established over the years in Noumea (New Caledonia) and French Guyana in order to gain easier access to extended world biodiversity. For the same purpose, collaborative networks have been established with academic research laboratories notably in Malaysia and Vietnam. Research on bioactive molecules culminated in the discovery of two anticancer drugs of natural origin (Figure 1), Navelbine® from Catharanthus roseus (1978, for treatment of lung and breast cancers, marketed in 1989) and Taxotere® from Taxus baccata (1986, for breast and lung cancer).3 Both drugs were discovered, patented, and developed by the Pierre Potier team,4 in partnership with the Laboratoires Pierre Fabre and Rhône-Poulenc (now Sanofi) companies, respectively. They afforded huge financial benefits to both the CNRS and the cooperating companies: to get an idea of how successful these drugs were, we can recall that Taxotere® alone had an annual turnover of over 1.7 billion Euros in 2004. A third natural substance, the marine metabolite Girolline (Girodazole®) attained clinical trials. The challenges of investigating nature and biodiversity represent today, more than ever, major societal issues within the context of sustainable development. The increased recognition of the pivotal role of biodiversity for human health and well-being encourages sheltering biodiversity from threats of overexploitation and human economic development. In this context, in-depth knowledge of natural ecosystems remains a global strategic issue. It represents a focused mission of the ICSN, which has developed unique expertise in this area, together with expertise in the valorization of bioresources (marine organisms, plants, and microorganisms) as therapeutics and cosmetics. Nevertheless, modern natural products chemistry could not expand and evolve without interdisciplinary approaches including acquisition and exploitation of big data combined with metabolomics, bioinformatic methods and analytical tools, advanced synthetic and theoretical methods, chemistry oriented to drug discovery in selected therapeutic areas, knowledge of biosynthetic pathways, chemical biology, genomics, and chemical ecology. Today, therefore, the ICSN pursues research activities inspired by natural substances and oriented toward their biomedical applications but also develops recognized expertise in the above complementary areas. It is consequently organized into four research departments: "Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry", "Organic Synthesis and Catalytic Methods", "Chemical Biology", and "Analytical and Structural Chemistry and Biology". At the same time, multidisciplinary projects at the interface of chemistry and biology are implemented as transversal, inter-department programs. The ICSN benefits today from its long-established expertise in the isolation and characterization of bioactive natural products and has the complete know-how needed to develop new drugs based on these natural compounds. Scientific missions are organized worldwide for sourcing and taking inventories of biodiversity in under-explored areas of the planet. These missions are conducted within the framework of cooperation networks and technological development projects, with total respect of the Nagoya protocol on access and benefit sharing. As mentioned, an ICSN antenna, the "Laboratoire des Plantes Médicinales", is located in the New Caledonian biodiversity "Hot Spot" (Noumea). Moreover, two Associated International Laboratories (LIA) managed by M. Litaudon, F. Roussi, and A. Al-Mourabit are currently operating. The first involves the Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC) of the Academy of Sciences and Technology of Vietnam (Hanoi) and the second the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur). The collection of organisms and microorganisms of marine origin is being improved in terms of sourcing and preservation of natural ecosystems thanks to the SOMARTEX technology (Self Operating MARine Trapping Extractor). The device principle is the extraction of molecules produced by invertebrate holobionts in their natural habitat at any location and depth without the necessity of harvesting the organisms. The SOMARTEX as well as the UNIFERTEX (UNIversal FERmenTor EXpert) technologies developed by J. Ouazzani (CNRS patents) have been validated and exploited within the collaborative EU Horizon 2020 TASCMAR project ("Tools And Strategies to access original bioactive compounds by Cultivating MARine invertebrates and associated symbionts") which brings together 120 researchers from 8 European countries (http://www.tascmar.eu/). The ICSN extract library, the largest collection of natural extracts in the French public domain, gathers and indexes more than 14,000 extracts from over 7,000 endemic and indigenous plants, microbial strains and marine organisms. Selection of relevant botanical families and access to biodiversity-rich areas ensures great structural diversity and almost unlimited bioactivity potential. A database allows the management of the collection of microplates and data related to HTS phenotypic or target-based screenings. With respect to classical bio-guided approaches, the identification of new bioactive leads from complex matrices is accelerated today by bioinformatics and molecular network strategies. For instance, processing large sets of extracts by LC/MS-MS and implementation of biological activity filters enable instantaneous data mining and visualization of molecular networks of relevant clusters. ICSN teams currently apply and develop this recent approach as well as fast dereplication methods by supercritical chromatography. Medicinal chemistry programs tackle some of the World Health Organization's priority targets such as antibiotic resistance, which today attains highly preoccupying levels worldwide, and tropical diseases that are largely neglected because of their low strategic interest for private companies. Central Nervous System diseases and cancer are also among the therapeutic areas historically investigated at the ICSN. Studies of the receptor–ligand interactions using molecular modeling contribute to optimization of bioactivity. Most notably, identification of Paprotrain as a selective inhibitor of the MKLP2 kinesin with antitumor activity led to the creation of the Biokinesis start-up in 2012 (C. Guillou). The medicinal chemistry programs are based on both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. They are implemented mainly within the framework of external collaborations with biologists and clinicians and are financially supported by Technology Transfer Agencies (SATT). At the same time, research programs in structural chemistry and biology aim at a better understanding of the relationship between the structure, dynamics, and function of relevant target proteins and their interactions with drugs. More specific interest relates to proteins presenting high intrinsic disorder that are involved in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or viral infections. In particular, these proteins are investigated by means of high-field NMR methods that are easily accessible since the ICSN operates one of the major High-Field French national NMR facilities that houses a 950 MHz instrument (http://www.ir-rmn.fr/en/). Furthermore, novel bioinformatics and computational methods are being developed particularly aimed at a better understanding of antibiotic resistance processes essential to the design of new antibiotics. Another facet of phytochemistry currently investigated at the ICSN relates to mechanisms of plant growth with relevance to agrochemistry. Special attention is payed to strigolactones, the most recently discovered class of plant hormones known for their role in the rhizosphere. Notably, the design of profluorescent probes enables a better understanding of strigolactone perception mechanisms and plant architecture control. Also, expeditious syntheses of glycolipidic plant growth promoters, as well as the biochemical identification of their receptors, are being actively investigated. Research programs in synthetic organic chemistry include the development of catalytic methods with special emphasis on processes allowing stereochemical control through enantioselective reactions. Rhodium-promoted nitrene transfers, visible light photoredox catalysis for new functionalization processes, uses of hypervalent iodine in tandem catalytic reactions, and gold-promoted cycloisomerizations are a few representative examples of organometallic catalysis studies carried out at the ICSN. In parallel, highly efficient enantioselective organocatalytic methods based on chiral phosphoric acids, such as difunctionalization of unsaturated ubstrates, as well as on trivalent phosphines for [3+2] cyclizations, are developed. The design of innovative organic photocatalysts and organoiodines, chiral phosphorus ligands and organocatalysts are also important areas of research. Moreover, methods in carbohydrate chemistry, including glycosylation strategies, as well as organic reactions involving elemental sulfur are actively developed. The new synthetic methods are challenged by their applications to either the synthesis of complex molecules, for example total synthesis of natural or bioactive compounds, or the development of diversity-oriented synthetic procedures, cascade, and multicomponent reactions. Generally speaking, focused objectives are environmentally friendly synthetic methods based on sustainable energy, direct CH functionalization, abundant resources (e.g., sulfur), and efficient tandem processes. In the field of chemical biology, research conducted at the ICSN involves the design of new probes for the study of biological events (smart probes for multimodal Magnetic Resonance (MRI)/Optical Imaging) as well as new strategies for metabolic glycan labeling. The metabolic labeling of bacterial lipopolysaccharides has led notably to the development of a rapid identification method for pathogenic Legionella pneumophila and resulted in the creation of the Click4Tag start-up company (B. Vauzeilles with S. Dukan, Marseille). Biological research at the ICSN includes studies on the adaptive response of mammalian cells towards environmental signals and stresses, focusing on reversible post-translational modifications of protein sensors of redox signals and related biorelevant Fe-S proteins. Advanced analysis and biological screening platforms provide support to both ICSN groups and external academic and private laboratories, bringing expertise and facilities in the areas of HPLC–Mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), TSA (Thermal Shift Assays), and HTS bioactivity screening. The ICSN's areas of expertise are labeled and structured at a national level by three "Excellence Laboratories" in which the Institute is involved: LabEx CEBA "CEnter for the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia", LabEx LERMIT "Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics", and LabEx CHARM3AT "Chemistry of Multifunctional Molecular Architectures and MATerials" (Figure 2). At the local level, the ICSN is part of the emerging Paris-Saclay University bringing together 15 institutions: three universities, five major engineering and business schools, and seven research organizations including CNRS, CEA,5 INRA,6 and INSERM.2 These institutions decided to work on a common project and merged in 2015, pooling educational courses and research in order to face the challenges of global competition in these important domains. Offering training programs and research of highest international standards as well as fostering innovation and technology transfer by gathering academics and private research laboratories on the same campus are the declared ambitions of the Paris-Saclay project. The University, covering a broad range of disciplines including Life Sciences, Chemistry, Mathematics, Information Science and Technology, Physics, and Geosciences, among others, counts today over 65,000 students, 5000 PhD students, and 300 research laboratories. It represents over 15 % of the research workforce in France. This stimulating environment will broaden and strengthen the scientific bases of the ICSN in the near future while offering a clear opportunity to assert its central role in the field of natural products chemistry. All members of the ICSN who have contributed to this paper and especially the ICSN Management Committee members Ali Al-Mourabit, Géraldine Masson, Carine Van Heijenoort, Boris Vauzeilles, and Philippe Durand are warmly acknowledged.

If the core of chemistry is making molecules, then the construction of those found in nature—natural products—has long been regarded as one of the highest forms of the art in synthesis. These molecules, produced by living organisms for a variety of purposes, are a key source of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics and anticancer agents. The medicinal value of natural products has been known for centuries via herbal treatments, and such compounds are still collected, refined and screened for potential drugs today, sometimes being identified from local ‘folk medicine’ practices. By identifying the active ingredients of natural extracts used in traditional medicine, chemists can then synthesize modified forms that may be even more active: this was how the analgesic aspirin was first identified as a derivative of the plant hormone salicylic acid from willow bark. As well as offering such derivatives, natural-product synthesis in organic chemistry can potentially provide a more plentiful alternative source of natural products that are available in only tiny amounts from their natural sources. Efforts to devise cheap and efficient synthetic strategies for molecules such as paclitaxel (Taxol, an anticancer agent present in the Pacific yew) and artemisinin (an anti-malarial extracted from the herb sweet wormwood, qinghao (青蒿), and recognized by the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine) are still on-going to satisfy global demand. Organic synthesis is about much more than making natural products: it contributes, for example, to catalysis, polymer chemistry, food science and the development of wholly synthetic drugs. Yet efforts to make complex natural products may supply a motivational testing ground for developing new synthetic techniques with broader applications. Indeed, many chemists prize the discovery of a new synthetic method above the recreation of some complex natural molecule: it is the means, not the end, that matters. The field of organic and natural-product synthesis has a strong history in China, where there is a long tradition of herbal medicine. The use of the qinghao extract for treating malaria is first recorded in AD 340, in a manual that the 2015 Nobel laureate Tu Youyou says she consulted for clues about isolating the compound in the beginning of 1970s. Some say that, in the past decade, Chinese natural-product chemistry has entered a ‘golden era’ (Zheng Q-Y and Li A. Sci China Chem 2016;59: 1059–60). Qi-Lin Zhou of Nankai University and Xiaoming Feng of Sichuan University have been at the forefront of this upsurge. Both of them have developed methods for making so-called chiral molecules: arrangements of atoms that have a handedness, so that they can exist in two mirror-image versions. Natural products typically are chiral molecules, and their biological activity may depend on having the correct handedness. The selective synthesis of chiral molecules (asymmetric synthesis) is therefore vital to natural-product chemistry, and typically involves the use of catalysts that are chiral themselves. National Science Review spoke to Zhou and Feng about their work and their perspectives on organic synthesis in China. Qi-Lin Zhou of College of Chemistry at Nankai University, China. (Courtesy of Q Zhou)

This chapter describes the information on medicinal plant uses, the chemistry of medicinal plants, natural products, food chemistry, and natural products, with the purpose of establishing a relationship between the chemistry of medicinal plants, foods, and natural products. According to the information reviewed, the main link shared by natural products that include plants and some foods is the content of phytochemical compounds, and many of them have the capacity to treat or prevent one or more diseases. In addition, the verification of its functionality has been made more and more frequently by the scientific community interested in the development of functional foods; so, the search for new molecules with high biological potential continues to increase.

Natural product chemistry laboratory courses can be directed to isolate secondary metabolites from a medicinal plant. This course provides students with the essential skills required to perform an array of natural product chemistry procedures such as extraction, fractionation, purification, and structural elucidation of secondary metabolites. Various activities in the isolation of secondary metabolites can improve students’ higher-order thinking skills. One of the higher-order thinking skills that have been proven to be developed through natural materials chemistry practicum is critical thinking skills. Secondary metabolite compounds produced from natural product chemistry laboratory activities can be commercialized to researchers or the herbal medicine industry. The University of Mataram has established a center for the production of secondary metabolites, which initially came from the activities of the natural product chemistry laboratory. Many of the activities in this laboratory may be appropriate for other courses, such as structure elucidation, organic chemistry, and chemotaxonomy.

The purpose of this research is to integrate to provide design recommendations for the implementation of good natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity. This study was used systematic review which consists of data presentation, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The data sources come from several articles. The data are: (1) data on natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity methods, (2) data on the validity of the natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity module, (3) data on the effectiveness of the natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity module method data. Module validity was analyzed using the aiken index. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of the natural materials practicum will be carried out if it meets several requirements, namely (1) practicum design (2) practicum module. The validity results show that the natural materials chemistry practicum module is very feasible and practical to use.

First south-north human genome conference