Abstract
ABSTRACT Innovation intermediaries for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that correct innovation system failures prevail globally. They help SMEs improve productivity through diffusion, creation and intermediation of knowledge. Empirical studies in the UK and the US matched comprehensive data of clients of innovation intermediaries with census data, performed causal inference after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias, and confirmed their positive effects. Taking an example of the world’s largest innovation intermediaries for SMEs, Kohsetsushi, this study established unbalanced panel data (2017–2022) from online questionnaire surveys and assessed productivity effects of Kohsetsushi by estimating the difference-in-differences model combined with propensity score matching. The results confirmed the overall productivity effect of Kohsetsushi services and heterogeneous treatment effects in terms of firm size, industries and spillover channels. Research and policy implications are discussed.
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