Abstract
It is aimed to evaluate the effect of cattle manure, and ground crushed cassava branches based substrates in the growth of 'Formosa' papaya seedlings under different environmental conditions. Four protected environments were tested: greenhouse in arched, covered with polyethylene film with a thermo reflective screen underneath it; similar greenhouse but without the reflective screen; monofilament nursery with 50% shade screen and thermo reflective nursery with 50% shade screen. In the protected environments, seedlings were accomodated in polyethylene bags (15.0 x 25.0 cm) were filled with cattle manure, and ground cassava branches based substrates in the following proportions: 100% cassava branches; 80% cassava branches and 20% cattle manure; 60% cassava branches and 40% cattle manure; 40% cassava branches and 60% cattle manure; 20% cassava branches and 80% cattle manure and 100% cattle manure. Because there was no repetition of the culture environment, each one was considered as an experiment. The substrates with 80 and 100% cattle manure promoted better growth. The cassava branches alone is a poor substrate. The black screened and the thermo reflective proved to be the best environments.
Highlights
Papaya has great economic importance and acceptance in the global market
According to the IBGE (2010) in 2009 Brazil produced a total of 1,792,594 tons of papaya, making it the largest papaya producer in the world; with the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo leading with 891,236 and 550,057 tons respectively, and Mato Grosso do Sul occupying the 14th place
The interactions between substrates and environments showed that in the environments covered with polyethylene film with or without a screen underneath it, the substrates made of pure material, either cassava branches or cattle manure, led to better emergence conditions, as well as the cattle manure in the black and the thermo reflective environments (Table 3)
Summary
Papaya has great economic importance and acceptance in the global market. According to the IBGE (2010) in 2009 Brazil produced a total of 1,792,594 tons of papaya, making it the largest papaya producer in the world; with the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo leading with 891,236 and 550,057 tons respectively, and Mato Grosso do Sul occupying the 14th place. With the substrate containing 20, 40 and 80% cattle manure, the plants with the largest stem diameter were found in the environment with the thermo reflective aluminized screen.
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