Abstract
The petroleum oil supply crisis, the increase in demand and the price eruption have led to a search for an alternative fuel of bio-origin in India. Among the alternative fuels, biodiesel is considered as a sustainable renewable alternative fuel to fossil diesel. Non-edible jatropha oil has considerable potential for the production of biodiesel in India. The production of biodiesel from jatropha oil using a conventional heating method takes more than 1h. In this work, microwave irradiation has been used as a source of heat for the transesterification reaction. A domestic microwave oven was modified and used for microwave heating of the reactants. The time taken for biodiesel production using microwave irradiation was 1 min. The fuel property analysis shows that the properties of jatropha oil biodiesel satisfy the biodiesel standards, and are close to the fossil diesel standards. From this work, it is concluded that biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil using microwave irradiation, with a significant reduction in production time.
Highlights
The demand for fossil fuel in the world has been increasing due to industrialization and the increase in the number of automobiles
Biodiesel was produced from jatropha oil by microwave irradiation, and the biodiesel yield was determined using the NMR spectrum
Biodiesel production by microwave irradiation was due to direct adsorption of the radiation by the polar group (OH group) of the reactant
Summary
The demand for fossil fuel in the world has been increasing due to industrialization and the increase in the number of automobiles. Jatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, and is a small tree or bush with spreading branches It grows in a number of climatic zones in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, and can be grown in areas of low rainfall (250 mm per year minimum, 900–1 200 mm optimal) and in droughtprone areas. Two-step transesterification is a way of producing biodiesel from crude vegetable oil [21, 22]. Yaakob et al [24] used single-step, base catalyst transesterification for the production of biodiesel from jatropha oil. This method required a longer reaction time of 7 min and a higher catalyst concentration of 4 %. A feasibility study has been carried out to produce biodiesel from jatropha oil using two-step transesterification
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