Abstract
As β-glucosidases represent the major bottleneck for the industrial degradation of plant biomass, great efforts are being devoted to discover both novel and robust versions of these enzymes, as well as to develop efficient and inexpensive ways to produce them. In this work, raw glycerol from chemical production of biodiesel was tested as carbon source for the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae with the aim of producing enzyme β-glucosidase-enriched cocktails. Approximately 11 U/mL β-glucosidase was detected in these cultures, constituting the major cellulolytic activity. Proteomic analysis showed BGL-3 as the most abundant protein and the main β-glucosidase. This crude enzyme was successfully used to supplement a basal commercial cellulolytic cocktail (Celluclast 1.5 L) for saccharification of pretreated wheat straw, corroborating that even hardly exploitable industrial wastes, such as glycerol, can be used as secondary raw materials to produce valuable enzymatic preparations in a framework of the circular economy.
Highlights
The current generation of wastes at worldwide level is a direct consequence of the inefficient use of natural resources in human activities
This finding suggested the convenience of testing cheaper carbon sources to obtain these cocktails, since they are rich in β-glucosidases, the key enzymes for cellulose saccharification
We studied the use of different concentrations of raw glycerol, an abundant waste generated from biodiesel production, to produce added-value enzyme cocktails
Summary
The current generation of wastes at worldwide level is a direct consequence of the inefficient use of natural resources in human activities. It is imperative to learn how to use waste from other processes as secondary raw materials to produce alternative energy sources and materials. Many carbon-rich industrial or urban residual streams are susceptible to re-valorization into value added products. In this sense, biodiesel is a renewable biofuel that can be produced from vegetal oils, animal fat, synthetic algae, or cooking oil waste [2]. Fuels from renewable biomass are the cleanest sources of energy, having the potential to reduce the amount of CO2 , nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), CO, and other hazardous particles released to the atmosphere compared with fossil diesel [3]. The global biodiesel production has increased during the last decade, reaching more than 30.8 Mm3 in 2016, and its production will achieve
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