PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES AND EXPOLIATION OF FALLOW LANDS PLANT COMMUNITIES OF MESHCHOVSKY OPOLYE IN THE KALUGA REGION

Abstract

The article deals with an urgent research and production problem is the assessment of the useful coenoflora of fallow lands and the possibility of it development for highly productive hayfields. The article analyzes the relationship between the productivity and quality of the cut mass on the species composition, the degree of communities synanthropization, the prevalence of valuable aboriginal and invasive species groups. It was found that Advent communities are more diverse in terms of productivity and quality of green mass, their productivity was on average 1.2–1.7 times higher than the trivial ones. The transformation of aboriginal communities during the immigration of advents, which have an adaptive potential to the ecological and soil conditions of the Meshchovsky opolye of the Kaluga region is shown. It has been established that without a complex of agrotechnological methods to improve the floristic composition and increase the secondary phytocenoses productivity, their phytomass can not be of significant importance in the voluminous forages production. Mineral fertilizers (P40K60) were contributed to an increase in productivity by 21-44% (the share of sown grasses from 84 to 94% in the yield structure), as well as a decrease in the degree of its variability by 1.3 times. A new approach to assessing the vegetation production potential and optimizing the elements of resource-saving technology for accelerated development of fallow lands for highly productive multicomponent cutting grass stands on the base of the new Festulolium variety and the principles of phytocenotic design is highlighted. The possibility of joint application of unmanned aerial vehicles and the ecological-floristic J. Braun-Blanquet classification for the routine analysis of phytocenoses of various genesis is shown.