Production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed finely ground field pea plus soybean meal or canola meal with or without rumen-protected methionine supplementation

Abstract

We showed previously that dairy cows fed [diet dry matter (DM) basis] 25% finely ground field pea (GFP) plus rumen-protected (RP)-Met and RP-Lys had greater milk true protein yield and plasma Met concentration, but lower plasma His, compared with those fed GFP without rumen-protected AA supplementation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of diets containing soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM) with or without a source of RP-Met on production, nutrient digestibility, and N metabolism in cows fed 25% GFP. Sixteen mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (21-d periods). Cows were fed (DM basis) 35% corn silage, 14% grass-legume haylage, 25% GFP, and 11% SBM or 13.5% CM with or without 0.095% RP-Met supplementation as Smartamine M (Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA). Protein source effects were observed for most production variables; cows fed diets containing CM plus GFP had greater DM intake, yields of milk and milk fat and true protein, and milk N efficiency than those offered SBM plus GFP. Feeding CM plus GFP also reduced the concentrations of milk urea N and plasma urea N, and the urinary excretion of NH3 N and urea N, suggesting improved N use efficiency. Moreover, replacing SBM with CM increased the concentrations of all essential AA (except Arg) in plasma collected from the coccygeal blood vessels. A protein source × RP-Met interaction was observed for the concentration of His in coccygeal plasma, with circulating His decreasing only when RP-Met was supplemented to the diet containing SBM plus GFP. Based on the arteriovenous difference method, Lys was the first limiting AA overall, with Met being the first limiting AA in diets that did not receive RP-Met. Apparent total-tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, N, and acid detergent fiber increased with feeding SBM plus GFP versus CM plus GFP. Most variables were not affected by RP-Met supplementation, except plasma Met concentration, which increased by 63%. Collectively, our results indicate that CM appears to be a better companion rumen-degradable protein source to GFP than SBM, due to improved yields of milk and milk protein and N use efficiency.