Abstract
This research investigates the effects of two top-lit updraft retort carbonization systems (biomass fuel-based batch and semi-batch-fed) on the production of neem leaf biochar. The semi-batch system achieved higher temperature peaks and yielded biochar with enhanced properties, including a higher BET-specific surface area (305 m2/g) and pore volume (0.156 cm3/g), indicating improved adsorption capacity. It also resulted in biochar with a higher carbon content and reduced concentrations of other elements. The biochar samples with irregular shapes and rough surfaces are suitable for water treatment, biomolecule separation, energy conversion, and storage. This research recommends further optimization of the carbonization process and evaluation under real-world conditions. The outcomes contribute to a better understanding of neem leaf biochar production and its versatile applications, emphasizing the potential benefits of the studied carbonization systems.
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