Abstract
This study was performed to produce a superior genotype from Agria potato cultivar using somaclonal variation. Two leaf and meristem explants in combination with four doses of 2,4-D (0, 2, 3 and 4 mg / l) were used for callus induction in a factorial model based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Results showed that the meristem explant, along with 3 mg 2,4-D produced the most suitable calluses. In the mentioned regeneration media, the best calluses were regenerated and one of the regenerated genotypes, which was very different from the parent cultivar was selected. The regenerated genotype, was compared with the maternal genotype (Agria) and a control cultivar (Sante), in a field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The results showed that in terms of most of the studied traits such as tuber weight per plant, stolon length, percentage of dry matter and percentage of starch, the new genotype was superior, compared to the parent cultivar and in terms of peel percentage and maturity date, the parental cultivar was superior. The results of the molecular comparison also showed that based on CBDP marker, both in terms of band number and band size, there were differences between the new genotype and the parental cultivar. In general, results showed that somaclonal variation can be an effective method to generate new genotypes with superior characteristics.
Highlights
Potato is one of the most important tubular plant species, ranking fourth in terms of yield production after wheat, rice and corn
One of the most productive potato cultivars in Iran is Agria cultivar, which is adapted with most parts of the world
There is a significant difference between the two explants of leaf and meristem in terms of callus induction, callus diameter and callus weight at a probability level of 1%
Summary
Potato is one of the most important tubular plant species, ranking fourth in terms of yield production after wheat, rice and corn. The area under cultivation of the species in Iran is 160,000 hectares (Mamnouie et al, 2016). One of the most productive potato cultivars in Iran is Agria cultivar, which is adapted with most parts of the world. The cultivar is higher in terms of dry matter and starch than other high-yielding cultivars in the country. The menmtioned cultivar is used more than other cultivars to produce various types of potato products such as chips, starch and other industrial products. Long growing season is one of the most important problems on Agria, which makes its water demand high (Muktar et al, 2015)
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