Abstract
In this technical paper, the state-of-art of automated procedures to process thermal infrared (TIR) scenes acquired by a permanent ground-based surveillance system, is discussed. TIR scenes regard diffuse degassing areas at Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio in the Neapolitan volcanic district (Italy). The processing system was developed in-house by using the flexible and fast processing Matlab© environment. The multi-step procedure, starting from raw infrared (IR) frames, generates a final product consisting mainly of de-seasoned temperatures and heat fluxes time-series as well as maps of yearly rates of temperature change of the IR frames. Accurate descriptions of all operational phases and of the procedures of analysis are illustrated; a Matlab© code (Natick, MA, USA) is provided as supplementary material. This product is ordinarily addressed to study volcanic dynamics and improve the forecasting of the volcanic activity. Nevertheless, it can be a useful tool to investigate the surface temperature field of any areas subjected to thermal anomalies, both of natural and anthropic origin.
Highlights
Thermal infrared (TIR) ground-based observations are largely used in volcanology, both in research and in surveillance activities, to investigate volcanic plumes and gases, lava flows, lava lakes and fumarole fields [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]
[20] introduced automated analysis techniques of long thermal infrared (TIR) time-series of images acquired inside the Campi Flegrei volcanic area and previously [19] discussed about analysis techniques applied to TIR scenes inside the Vesuvius crater
The Graphic user interface (GUI) Matlab code is available as supplementary material and its functionalities are illustrated in the Appendix A
Summary
Thermal infrared (TIR) ground-based observations are largely used in volcanology, both in research and in surveillance activities, to investigate volcanic plumes and gases, lava flows, lava lakes and fumarole fields [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Several works identified thermal precursors before eruptions by using TIR observations [21,22,23,24] and these insightful results, provided by field campaigns, have suggested planning permanent fixed installations of ground TIR stations at active volcanoes in the world. Few commercial software packages, based on general-purpose procedures, are available to process TIR time-series and they are not aimed for a near real-time automated analysis of large dataset. They involve manual processing steps and cannot be used in daily continuous automated volcano monitoring activity. The code of fully-automated Matlab© application (ASIRA, Automated System of InfraRed Analysis) used to process the IR data is provided as Supplementary Materials
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