Abstract
Steelmaking based on direct reduced iron (DRI, and its compacted derivative hot briquetted iron, HBI) is an anticipated important global alternative to current steel production based on FeOx reduction in blast furnaces due to its lower specific CO2 emission. The majority of DRI is melted and refined in the electric arc furnace with different process conditions compared to the melting of steel scrap due to its raw material composition being rather different. We provide data and analysis of slag composition of DRI charges vs. steel scrap charges for 16 industrial electric arc furnaces (EAFs). Suggestions for optimized slag operation and resulting process improvements of DRI melting in the EAF are given. A dynamic mass and energy model of the DRI melting in the EAF is introduced to illustrate the implications of the adapted slag operation on the EAF process with DRI charges.
Highlights
The global steel industry is subject to significant changes in order to decrease its CO2 emission representing the most important contribution within the production industry sector to global CO2 emission, approximately 7%
Specific CO2 emission figures are in the range
hot briquetted iron (HBI) is usually charged with the steel scrap by buckets to the electric arc furnaces (EAFs), requiring only minor adaptions to the EAF process at HBI shares up to 10%
Summary
The global steel industry is subject to significant changes in order to decrease its CO2 emission representing the most important contribution within the production industry sector to global CO2 emission, approximately 7%. Current steel productions routes are mainly (1) ore reduction in the blast furnace and steel refining in the basic oxygen converter (BF-BOF) and (2) melting of steel scrap in the electric arc furnace (EAF) with CO2 emissions in the range 1.6–2.2 tCO2 /tLS (BF-BOF) and 0.25–1.1 tCO2 /tLS (EAF), respectively [1,2,3]. Hot briquetted iron (HBI) in shaft furnaces [4,5,6], rotary kilns [7,8,9,10] or rotary hearth furnaces [11]. The reduction of solid pellets is mainly realized at temperatures below melting, 900–1100 ◦ C. Specific CO2 emission figures are in the range
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