Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder which has become a major health concern worldwide. The literature has shown that oxidative stress is one of the most important risk factors behind the cause of AD. Oxidative stress often leads to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
 D-Galactose, a physiological nutrient and reducing sugar, non-enzymatically reacts with amines of amino acids in proteins and peptides to form Advanced Glycation End products which activate its receptors coupled to Biochemical pathways that stimulate free radical production and induces mitochondrial dysfunction which damages the neuron intracellularly. High dosage of D-Galactose also suppresses the expression of nerve growth factors and its associated protein which results in the degeneration of nerve cells and reduction of acetylcholine levels in brain regions.
 This article put forwards the advantages of using Lactic Acid Bacteria (Probiotics) possessing anti-oxidant properties and which produces Acetyl Choline against D-Galactose induced Alzheimer’s disease.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most chronic and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder known till date
AD is often associated with cognition and memory deficits which arises due to accumulation of the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles along with disruption of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of aged people [4]
The cognitive decline is associated with the AD pathogenesis which is due to decrease in Acetyl Choline (A.Ch) [5], which proposes that deficit of Acetylcholine is life-threatening in the creation of the symptoms of AD [6]
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most chronic and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder known till date. Probiotics: An Adjuvant therapy for D-Galactose induced Alzheimer's disease www.jmri.org.in (NF-kB), Janus kinase (JAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) It induces the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and IL-6 [13]. The results on the cholinergic system indicated that chronic administration of D-Galactose caused a significant reduction in ACh level in brain due to dysfunction of cholinergic neurons and reduced activity of Choline acetyltransferase [27] while elevation in AChE activity was responsible for cognitive deficit, this condition was significantly ameliorated in both the regions of brain such as hippocampus and cerebral cortex by oral supplementation of L. plantarum MTCC1325. Chronic administration of D-Galactose caused significant decline in spatial memory This may be associated with its potential antioxidant nature, Acetylcholine producing activities of L. plantarum MTCC1325 and bidirectional communication between the Gut-Bain Axis (Enteric Nervous System) [28]. Further research is required, so on to better understand the possible role of Lactobacillus strains in the protection against neurodegenerative diseases
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