Abstract
Although the use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been banned in a number of countries, its presence in the environment still creates health issues both for humans and wildlife. So far, BPA toxicity has been largely investigated on different biological processes, from reproduction to development, immune system, and metabolism. In zebrafish, Danio rerio, previous studies revealed the ability of environmentally relevant concentrations of this contaminant to significantly impair fertility via epigenetic modification. In addition, several studies demonstrated the ability of different probiotic strains to improve organism health. This study provides information on the role of the probiotic mixture SLAb51 to counteract adverse BPA effects on reproduction. A 28-day trial was set up with different experimental groups: BPA, exposed to 10 µg/L BPA; P, receiving a dietary supplementation of SLAb51 at a final concentration of 109 CFU/g; BPA+P exposed to 10 µg/L BPA and receiving SLAb51 at a final concentration of 109 CFU/g and a C group. Since oocyte growth and maturation represent key aspects for fertility in females, studies were performed on isolated class III (vitellogenic) and IV (in maturation) follicles and liver, with emphasis on the modulation of the different vitellogenin isoforms. In males, key signals regulating spermatogenesis were investigated. Results demonstrated that in fish exposed to the combination of BPA and probiotic, most of the transcripts were closer to C or P levels, supporting the hypothesis of SLAb51 to antagonize BPA toxicity. This study represents the first evidence related to the use of SLAb51 to improve reproduction and open new fields of investigation regarding its use to reduce endocrine disrupting compound impacts on health.
Highlights
The surrounding environment is contaminated by a broad range of organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties able to alter the endocrine system and cause various health problems by interfering with the organism’s physiology [1,2,3]
Treatments administered did not show significant differences among experimental groups (Control -C-; Bisphenol A -bisphenol A (BPA)-; Bisphenol A+Probiotic -BPA and P (BPA+P); Probiotic -P-), a decrease was observed in BPA treated groups compared to the control
The beneficial role of SLAb51 administration was previously demonstrated in different animal models: and enhancement of specific immune functions associated to changes of intestinal microbiota was observed in healthy dogs [24], while in mice models affected by Alzheimer’s disease, a reduction of brain oxidative damages [25] was described
Summary
The surrounding environment is contaminated by a broad range of organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties able to alter the endocrine system and cause various health problems by interfering with the organism’s physiology [1,2,3]. Recent studies suggest that probiotics may improve tolerance to EDC toxicity, as demonstrated by a plethora of studies describing the beneficial effects of probiotic strain administration on different physiological processes [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. In this context, a recent study demonstrated the ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain to lower BPA toxicity [21], in part, by reducing its biosorption and increasing its biodegradation [22]. The present study provides novel information on the ability of SLAb51 to counteract the adverse effects of BPA on reproduction in zebrafish
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