Abstract
We study optical excitations across the Mott gap in the multiorbital Mott-Hubbard insulators $R$VO${}_{3}$. The multipeak structure observed in the optical conductivity can be described consistently in terms of the different $3{d}^{3}$ multiplets or upper Hubbard bands. The spectral weight is very sensitive to nearest-neighbor spin-spin and orbital-orbital correlations and thus shows a pronounced dependence on both temperature and polarization. Comparison with theoretical predictions based on either rigid orbital order or strong orbital fluctuations clearly rules out that orbital fluctuations are strong in $R$VO${}_{3}$. Both the line shape and the temperature dependence give clear evidence for the importance of excitonic effects.
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