Priority Level of Emotional Experience in Halal Tourism: Based on Age Generation of Tourists

Halal tourism is one form of tourism development and promotion that is anticipated to boost local economic growth and state revenue. Halal tourism aims to instill trust in Muslim visitors so that they are not hesitant to visit tourist destinations like Lake Toba where the majority of the population is non-Muslim and is one of the most popular tourist destinations. This is done to convince the tourists that these destinations welcome Muslim visitors even if Lake Toba’s population is primarily comprised of non-Muslims. The government must enact rules if halal tourism is to be practiced properly and lawfully. This study used normative and empirical research methods. Examining the rules and laws governing halal goods and tourism is done as normative research. Following surveys and interviews with villagers and business owners in the Lake Toba region, empirical research was conducted. The findings demonstrate that halal tourism is a concept that ensures the provision of the services and infrastructure required by Muslim travelers during their journey, including halal food, prayer spaces, and so forth. However, halal tourism currently has legal loopholes. Halal tourism in Lake Toba thus has advantages and disadvantages. In reality, local residents and business owners in the Lake Toba region are sympathetic to the notion, as long as it does not obliterate traditions and local culture, and does not act as a campaign to Islamize them. As a tourism marketing tactic, Indonesia can model its halal tourism policies after those of Malaysia. Keywords: preliminary study, legal frameworks, halal tourism

This paper examines the development of the tourism industry in Tunisia from its independence in 1956 to contemporary Tunisia with a special focus on the development of halal tourism. In assessing the tourism sector in Tunisia, a typology is used. This typology makes it clear that Tunisia is a prominent tourist destination in several types of tourism, including beach tourism, while in other types it remains underdeveloped. Regarding the emerging form of halal tourism, Tunisia is lagging behind in its development. This may come as a surprise given the fact that Tunisia is a popular tourist destination and a Muslim majority country. Although there are different reasons for this, I would argue that many things can be explained by looking at the political context in Tunisia. The reluctance of government actors hinders the profound development of halal tourism. The policies that have been put forward in the past by Bourguiba and Ben Ali have had an undeniable impact on the general opinion of contemporary Tunisian society on this matter. Even though Tunisia is faced with challenges, Tunisia can still be a suitable country for halal tourism while maintaining other forms of tourism.Keywords: Tunisia, halal tourism, religious tourism, opportunities and challenges.

This study aims to investigate the role of storytelling on social media as a moderating variable in the relationship between Muslim tourists' emotional experiences and their intention to revisit halal tourism destinations. With the growing Muslim population and increasing purchasing power, the halal tourism industry has significant growth potential. However, to capitalize on this potential, a better understanding of the factors influencing Muslim tourists' experiences and behavior is needed. Using a quantitative approach and structural equation modeling, this research examines the impact of storytelling on social media on the relationships between halal destination attributes, halal-friendly services, emotional experiences, and revisit intentions. The analysis results demonstrate that storytelling on social media significantly moderates the relationship between emotional experiences and revisit intentions, strengthening the influence of emotional experiences on post-visit behavioral intentions. These findings contribute to the advancement of tourism marketing and consumer behavior theories, as well as provide practical implications for the halal tourism industry in designing effective marketing strategies through social media storytelling.

The aim of this research is to map the economic potential of the development of halal tourism in West Sumatra, and analyze the opportunities and challenges of developing halal tourism in West Sumatra. This research uses mixed methods. The location of the study was conducted in West Sumatra Province. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation data. The data analysis technique uses SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that West Sumatra has a very potential halal tourist destination. Tourist attractions in West Sumatra are one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia. Supported by a variety of facilities supporting the halal tourism industry including the availability of good sharia-compliant hotels, comfortable worship facilities, and the availability of halal culinary centers. Tourism is one of the contributors to local revenue sources (PAD).

The purpose of this research analyzes the factors forming of environmental care students the character in the halal tourism at East Lombok Regency. This research includes qualitative descriptive using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach (Saaty, 2008). The data collection technique used purposive sampling and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) through observation, interview, questionnaire (questionnaire) and literature study. The research informants were teachers, students, and principals of East Lombok. Data analysis technique was done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The result of research of factor forming the character of the students of environmental care in the halal tourism area in East Lombok 1) “Ulama / Tuan Guru” has a very high position for the order of life in East Lombok Regency. They were become the role model of life example given in accordance with syariat Islam and pay attention to the environment. 2) Parents are the environment that shapes the character of the child so that it can be applied in the life of society. 3) Teachers can develop positive characters in students through extracurricular activities as well as foster a sense of environmental care. 4) The government has an important role in disseminating to the public about halal tourism but the community retains the existing character in people's lives without changing the existing order. 5) The community is the person who is involved in the activities that exist in the life that consider the environmental conditions to remain beautiful and far from the word dirty to be an example of the community of a region with one community in other areas, especially in East Lombok Regency.

In Yogyakarta, there are many tourist attractions, but none of them have halal tourism destinations. To achieve this, it needs support from various parties, including tourists with an intention in halal tourism, which is closely related to their obedience to their religion. The intention in performing behavior had influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. This study used a quantitative approach and the data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that tourist religiosity had a positive and significant effect on halal tourism in Yogyakarta. In contrast, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy of tourists showed no positive and significant effect on the intention of halal tourism in Yogyakarta.

This study aims to describe and analyze the contribution of religious tourism to the development of halal tourism in the regions. Religious tourism in this study includes Islamic religious-based tourist attractions, Islamic traditions, Islamic festivals, and Islamic local wisdom. This research was carried out in Pekalongan City, which is known as “Kota Santri” and its people are known to be religious. This study is categorized as field research. Two types of data are needed in this study, primary and secondary. Primary data is explored through observation and interviews, while secondary data is obtained through documentation studies on books, journal articles, research reports, websites, and so on. The data analysis method uses a content analysis strategy. From this study, it was concluded that this City has religious tourism in the form of Islamic traditions and cultures, Islamic festivals, Islamic local wisdom, and distinctive heritage. Of the various attractions of Islamic tourism, it can be an interesting halal tourism attraction. However, only some of them have been packaged into regional tourist products. To increase the number and strengthen regional halal tourism, it is necessary to identify, explore, and package into halal tourism products. The development of regional halal tourism that ignores religious tourism will lose the spirit of halal tourism.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine halal certification for halal culinary, destination brand and emotional experiences on customer satisfaction and behavioral intention.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a quantitative survey approach to 400 respondents consisting of Muslim foreign and domestic tourists who had visited Lombok in the past three years. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this study is structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS).FindingsThe findings showed that halal certification has no effect on customer satisfaction but on influenced behavioral intention, destination brand of Lombok had no effect on customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction influenced behavioral intention and emotional experiences affected customer satisfaction and behavioral intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study collects data from respondents both domestic and foreign tourists simultaneously. However, the data acquisition of respondents and foreign tourists is not balanced. Thus, this study analyzes tourists in general, not distinguished between foreign and domestic tourists.Practical implicationsThe government and tourism organizers in Lombok need to provide socialization for domestic and foreign tourists on the need to choose halal-certified food and drinks to ensure halal and hygiene. In addition, so that the destination image of Lombok can provide a beautiful experience that becomes a moment of the truth, then the local government should improve its service strategy holistically.Social implicationsDestination image needs to be improved. This requires holistic tourism quality services so that the social community knows that Indonesia has a halal tourism destination that exists as tourists come from the airport to the hotel and enjoy food in restaurants and tourist attractions that are Muslim friendly.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to filling the void in the literature related to tourism management that is linked to tourism in the aftermath of natural disasters, where empirical studies on halal tourism are on the rise. Therefore, respondents in the study were specific, that is, those who had traveled. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of a kind that includes behavioral intention in tourist destinations after natural disasters in the Indonesian context.

The development of the halal tourism industry in Indonesia has increased in recent years. It is along with the support of the central government and also some local governments. Bukittinggi City in the Province of West Sumatra is a tourist city that has the potential to develop halal tourism. This study examines the model of managing Halal Tourism in the Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province, with the Penta Helix model that must involve various parties. The data was obtained from a questionnaire filled out by tourism policy stakeholders in the Bukittinggi City, which included business operators, local government officials, academics, religious leaders, and community leaders. The data is then processed by calculating the Priority matrix to produce alternative policies for the development of halal tourism. Collaboration between all components is very crucial. Policy priorities that must be selected and implemented by the Bukittinggi City government and all tourism people to develop halal tourism based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis are a collaboration with all tourism stakeholders, increase awareness of the importance of halal products, including in the field of tourism, and overcoming the limitations of halal restaurants and sharia hotels certified by Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). This research contributes to the development of halal tourism in other areas to remain in accordance with Islamic values but also in harmony with local customs and culture.

Madura Island has many halal tourism destinations that need to be developed, one of which is Lon Malang beach which is located in Sampang Regency, the Regency is known for its people who are very thick with Islamic teachings. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the increase in Halal Tourism in terms of human resources and creative economy. The population and sample in this study were 91 respondents consisting of 37 administrative staff and 54 field workers who are creative economic actors in the halal tourism area of Lon Malang Beach, Sampang Regency, using a quantitative descriptive approach. The data analysis method uses measurement model analysis (Outer Model) and structural model analysis (Inner Model), while hypothesis testing uses t statistical test (partial) and f statistical test (simultaneous) which is assisted by statistical aids, namely SmartPLS version 3.0 software. The results showed that: 1) Human Resources has a significant effect on increasing halal tourism, 2) Creative Economy has a significant effect on Increasing Halal Tourism, 3) Human Resources and Creative Economy have a significant effect simultaneously on Increasing Halal Tourism.

This research intends to analyze Human Resource Development in Halal Tourism: Case Study of Islamic Tourism Destinations in Indonesia. This research is library research with a qualitative approach. The data sources used in this research come from various literature journal articles that are relevant to the research topic. The data analysis method used is content analysis of the literature sources used in the research. From this research it is concluded that human resources have the potential contained within humans to realize their role as adaptive and transformative social beings who are able to manage themselves and all the potential contained in nature towards achieving a prosperous life in a balanced and sustainable order. Human resources are a process of utilizing humans as workers in a humane manner, so that their physical and psychological potential functions optimally to achieve organizational goals. Tourism in Indonesia is a place that has good prospects. With this, Indonesia needs to increase its capacity to develop management to attract more domestic and foreign tourists. The management itself also requires good human resources so that it takes from the existing workforce to increase halal tourism business actors in various regions of Indonesia. In general, halal tourism is a tourist attraction that has special rules that meet the provisions of Islamic law, such as facilities and services. This halal tourism aims to make a tourist destination friendly for Muslim tourists but can still be enjoyed by non-Muslim tourists.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of digital halal literacy and halal destination attributes on revisiting intention through satisfaction and trust as mediating variables. Design/methodology/approach The study collected data from 308 domestic tourists in Indonesia who visited urban tourist destinations using a Likert-scale questionnaire, conducted between June and July 2023, and analysed using PLS-SEM for comprehensive data collection. Findings Digital halal literacy and halal destination attributes significantly impact tourist satisfaction and trust, potentially leading to the desire to revisit previously visited destinations. The higher the digital halal literacy and halal destination attributes, the higher the satisfaction and trust of tourists towards these destinations, potentially resulting in their intention to revisit. Research limitations/implications This study focused on the Greater Bandung area in western Indonesia, a popular tourist destination. Future studies should explore the eastern region and its surroundings, as they do not differentiate between nature-based and man-made tourism. Practical implications The absence of information on halal tourism destinations hinders travellers' understanding and decision-making, particularly considering the preference for symbols as a means of communication, a crucial factor that destination managers must consider. Social implications Visual elements, such as symbols and signage, significantly influence tourist behaviour and experiences, leading to the decision to revisit the destination. Originality/value The integration of digital halal literacy and halal destination attributes offers a comprehensive understanding of halal tourism, particularly in terms of revisit intentions.

The present study explored the relationship between adult attachment style and emotional expressivity and experience. An adult attachment scale, two measures of emotional expressivity, and two measures of emotional experience were administered to 346 men and women of college age. Results showed that participants with a secure attachment style reported the highest levels of emotional expressivity and positive emotional experience. Those with an insecure/ambivalent attachment style also rated themselves high on overall expressivity but, in contrast to secure participants, reported high levels of negative emotional experience. Those with an insecure/avoidant attachment style scored the lowest on measures of emotional expressivity and experience. There was also evidence suggesting that relationship status may mediate emotional expressivity for the insecure/ambivalent group. Ambivalent students involved in a relationship reported high emotional expressivity, whereas those who were unattached were low in self-rated emotional expressivity.

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of using ChatGPT on the Halal tourism experience. It examines the relationships among Halal-friendly travel motivations and satisfaction, revisit intention and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WoM) while testing the moderating effect of ChatGPT on the relationship between satisfaction and revisit intention. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a quantitative methodology. Using purposive sampling techniques, it approached about 800 tourists (from November 2023 to January 2024) from several halal tourism destinations in Indonesia. A total of 395 usable surveys were analyzed to test the relationships and moderation effects by SEM. Findings The study indicates that Halal-friendly travel motivations positively impact Muslim tourist satisfaction, which in turn influences e-WoM and revisit intention. Importantly, ChatGPT significantly moderates the relationship between satisfaction and revisit intention, thereby strengthening tourist loyalty for those using the AI tool. Practical implications The study’s findings provide practical guidelines for halal tourism providers to enhance Halal-compliant services and incorporate ChatGPT as an AI tool to boost Muslim travelers’ satisfaction, drive e-WoM and increase revisit intentions. AI technology gives Halal tourism companies an advantage in offering customized, immediate support, which leads to Muslim visitors becoming loyal. Originality/value The study fills a significant gap in the Halal tourism literature by examining AI’s impact on the market. It expands the Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT), the push-pull theory and word-of-mouth models in Halal tourism. It also contributes to AI adoption in Halal tourism by addressing how modern AI tools can influence tourist behaviors, improve satisfaction and encourage repeat visits.

The enormous economic potential of halal tourism has recently begun to be discussed. Crescent Rating data notes that in 2014 Muslims spend about USD126.1 billion globally on Islamic tourism, and Indonesia as the 6th most popular halal tourism site in the world. This potential needs to be cultivated by Indonesia. Lombok Island as one of the most popular Islamic tourism destinations in Indonesia - in 2015 it received two awards (the Best World Halal Tourism Destination and World Best Halal Honeymoon Destination). The governor of Nusa Tenggara Barat Zuelkiflimansyah has expressed interest in further developing halal tourism in Lombok by promoting some additional destinations such as Senggigi Beach, Gili Trawangan, and Rinjani Mountain. This paper offers SWOT analysis of the development of halal tourism on the Lombok island. Keywords: Islamic Economy, Halal Tourism, Lombok Island