Abstract
An effective teaching modality not only improves the efficiency of the teaching process but also promotes active learning. Teaching modalities are continuously evolving due to advancement in technology. There is a range of contradictory reports available in the extant literature regarding the effectiveness of different teaching modalities. This work assesses and prioritises four teaching modalities namely face-to-face teaching, pure online teaching, blended teaching and flipped classroom teaching. Assessment is made based on 8 criteria identified from the literature in consultation with the experts. Analysis revealed that the flipped classroom and blended teaching approaches are the most effective teaching modalities. Examination of the literature indicates that to date no study evaluated all the four aforementioned teaching modalities in a single study. The study is the first attempt to assesses 4 teaching modalities based on 8 eight common criteria by extending TOPSIS to a single-valued neutrosophic environment. Current work provides valuable insights to various stakeholders including academicians, policymakers and practitioners, who are interested in giving a rich learning experience to learners.
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