Abstract

AbstrakMetode analitik rasional penentuan kapasitas dukung fondasi dangkal yaitu persamaan kapasitas dukung fondasi dangkal dari Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, dan Vesic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji prinsip penggunaan keempat persamaan tersebut agar tidak terjadi kesalahan penggunaan dalam perancangan fondasi dangkal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur terhadap penelitian dari Terzaghi (1943), Meyerhof (1955), Hansen (1970), dan Vesic (1975). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memperbandingkan keempat persamaan tersebut sekaligus hingga menghasilkan prinsip penggunaan persamaan kapasitas dukung fondasi dangkal yang sesuai, berdasarkan kondisi yang ada di lapangan. Penggunaan keempat persamaan tersebut pada penelitian ini yaitu pada kondisi fondasi plane strain (regangan pada arah z = 0), dasar fondasi kasar, dan kondisi tanah homogen. Lokasi muka air tanah mempengaruhi nilai parameter kuat geser tanah yang digunakan dengan menyesuaikan jenis tanah, jenis tes laboratorium, dan analisis stabilitas kritis. Dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat 4 (empat) prinsip penggunaan persamaan kapasitas dukung fondasi dangkal dimana kondisi pembeda di lapangan yaitu perbandingan kedalaman fondasi terhadap lebar fondasi (maksimal 4 (empat)), kondisi pembebanan, jenis tanah, dan faktor fondasi dangkal yang diperhitungkan. Kondisi pembebanan antara lain beban vertikal, beban miring, beban eksentris (momen), dan beban horizontal. Selanjutnya, jenis tanah antara lain tanah lempung kaku dan pasir padat dengan keruntuhan geser umum dan tanah lempung konsistensi medium dan pasir kepadatan medium dengan keruntuhan geser lokal. Terakhir, faktor fondasi dangkal yang diperhitungkan antara lain faktor bentuk fondasi, kedalaman fondasi, kemiringan beban, kemiringan dar fondasi, dan kemiringan permukaan tanah.Kata Kunci: Kapasitas Dukung Fondasi Dangkal, Metode Analitik Rasional, Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, Vesic AbstractThe rational analytical method for determining the bearing capacity of shallow foundations is the shallow foundation bearing capacity equation of Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, and Vesic. This study aims to examine the principles of using the four equations so that there are no misuses in designing shallow foundations. This research was conducted by means of a literature study on research from Terzaghi (1943), Meyerhof (1955), Hansen (1970), and Vesic (1975). This research was conducted by comparing the four equations at once to produce the principle of using the appropriate shallow foundation bearing capacity equation, based on the conditions in the field. The use of these four equations in this study is on plane strain foundation conditions (strain in the z direction = 0), rough foundation base, and homogeneous soil conditions. The location of the groundwater table affects the value of the soil shear strength parameter used by adjusting the soil type, type of laboratory test, and analysis of critical stability. This study concludes that there are 4 (four) principles of using the shallow foundation bearing capacity equation where the differentiating conditions in the field are the ratio of foundation depth to foundation width (maximum 4 (four)), loading conditions, soil type, and shallow foundation factors are taken into account. Loading conditions include vertical loads, inclined loads, eccentric loads (moments), and horizontal loads. Furthermore, soil types include stiff clay and dense sand with general shear failure and medium consistency clay and medium density sand with local shear failure. Finally, the shallow foundation factors that are taken into account include the foundation shape factor, foundation depth, load slope, foundation slope, and ground surface slope.Keywords: Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation, Rational Analytic Method, Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, Vesic

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