Principles of biosecurity during transport, handling and slaughter of animals.

Abstract

Abstract Use of proper biosecurity practices will help to reduce the spread of disease. To prevent disease introduction onto a farm, all incoming animals should be isolated and, when possible, tested for disease before they are added to the herd. An important biosecurity principle is the biosecurity sequence, which details different groups of animals within a production chain; procedures need to be strictest at the beginning of the sequence and less strict at the end of the sequence. The sequence is: (i) foundation herds and flocks; (ii) newborn animals and commercial multiplier herds; (iii) commercial livestock used for breeding and production; (iv) feedlots, grow out and production operations with no breeding; and (v) areas of high contamination and commingling, such as livestock markets, wet markets, slaughter plants and rendering plants. If a severe disease outbreak occurs, immediate closing of markets may help to reduce its spread. This chapter also reviews methods to reduce Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination of beef and pork. Lists also are included of select agents and toxins as defined according to the US Select Toxins Regulations, and of diseases that require the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to be notified by member nations.