Abstract
We analyze a three-level atomic system subjected to a strong-coupling irradiation and discuss the gain and absorption of a probe field on a different transition; the approach is a general one and can easily be extended to more complex systems. A physically important concept of level flow that allows us to retore the physical symmetry on which the principle of inversion rests is introduced. Thus the response to the probe field is shown to be the contribution of two processes that obey, separately, a criterion of flow inversion
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