Abstract
分辨是雷达领域的经典问题, 尽管经过几十年的发展, 但“分不开、辨不清”的矛盾在雷达各类应用中日益凸显. 在雷达分辨研究中, 模糊函数理论占据绝对主流, 同时尝试突破瑞利分辨极限的超分辨研究层出不穷, 这些方法具有一定的超分辨效果, 但因其前提假设而在工程应用中受限. 传统分辨理论并未考虑电磁场的极化特性, 利用极化技术可大幅提升雷达分辨能力, 研究极化与分辨的关系具有重大理论价值. 本文从模糊函数出发, 重点分析目标幅度和相位对分辨效果的影响, 得出“等幅反相”可使雷达突破分辨率极限, 结合雷达收发极化调控技术, 创新性提出极化域变焦理论, 通过全极化域距离像阐释超分辨原理, 并且针对实际雷达系统, 提出极化域变焦多目标检测与分辨方法, 实现多目标的正确判决和距离的有效估计. 仿真结果表明, 极化域变焦处理对交叉极化不敏感, 在高信噪比条件下可将雷达分辨力提升约20倍.
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