Abstract
Smart grid enables active participation of consumers daily operation of the grid through Demand Response (DR). DR refers to the actions initiated from contracted customers by changing their demand in response to price signals, incentives, or directions from grid operators. In this chapter, industrial DR suitable for frequency regulation is discussed. For this, a mathematical model of price-based DR from thermostatically controlled loads (TCL) for controlling the temperature of the chillers in large academic complex environment is presented. A probabilistic model of the density function of aggregated TCL loads is discussed. The variation of the thermostat set point demand temperature an increase in the price is presented. In order to match the power demand and power supply, a new method for dynamic demand control (DDC) with automatic generation control (AGC) in smart grid environment is proposed. A load frequency control using DDC was modeled in this study. The load frequency control model was simulated for a step load change of 0.01. The frequency deviation was compared with the frequency deviation obtained when generation control, using PI controller, alone was implemented for frequency control. Thus, DDC alone is required to maintain the system frequency, during small load variations. DDC will play a major role in reducing these losses caused to the GENCOs under a Smart Grid environment.
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