Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most frequent hospital acquired infection in ICU among mechanically ventilated patients. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a series of interventions on VAP rate, MDR rate, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and health care providers’ practices. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in three phases: A pre-intervention phase (phase I) including VAP epidemiologic surveillance program, an intervention phase (phase II) including the implementation of a comprehensive infection control program and a post-intervention phase (phase III) including assessment of the effect of the selected interventions. Results: After intervention, VAP rate per one thousand ventilator days showed reduction from 48.8 to 40. There was a significant improvement in the infection control practice of health care providers; the mean percentage of change in total practice was 14.02%. The most common isolated pathogen was Klebsiella, its prevalence decreased from 43% to 37.2% after intervention. During phase (I) 81.4% of isolates were found to be MDR, which decreased to 74.6% in phase III. Conclusion: the study showed a significant reduction in VAP rates with evidence based prevention strategies. Klebsiella was the most prevalent MDR pathogen responsible for VAP. Multifaceted intervention is a key strategy to prevent VAP.
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