Abstract

目的 了解早产儿是否存在维生素K(VitK)依赖因子水平低下及其与早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血的关系,探讨产前应用VitK1对早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血的预防效果.方法 将有可能早产且至分娩时孕周不足34周的孕妇分为两组:地塞米松(Dex)组118例,在产前给予Dex注射;Dex+VitK1组80例,产前给予Dex及VitK1.两组早产儿各40例留取脐动脉血离心取血清-20 ℃保存,用凝固法检测凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的活性,同时留取同期出生的健康足月新生儿40例脐血标本作对照.早产儿生后1周内常规做头颅超声检查明确有无脑室周围-脑室内出血及其程度.结果 Dex组脐血VitK依赖因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的活性水平分别为(25.1±10.4)%、(58.1±16.9)%、(23.8±9.8)%、(29.6±8.7)%,Dex+VitK1组分别为(36.2±9.4)%、(69.3±17.1)%、(25.4±10.1)%、(39.8±9.1)%,足月儿分别为(37.1±5.9)%、(65.8±13.5)%、(29.7±7.3)%、(37.6±11.3)%.Dex组与足月儿组比较,VitK依赖因子活性水平有显著性差异(P<0.05).Dex组与Dex+VitK1组比较,Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅹ因子活性水平有显著性差异(P<0.05).脑室周围-脑室内出血发生率Dex组为52.5%,Dex+VitK1组为32.5%(χ2=7.76,P<0.05);重度出血发生率Dex组为12.7%,Dex+VitK1组为2.5%(χ2=6.33,P<0.05).结论 早产儿存在VitK依赖因子水平低下,可能是其易于发生脑室周围-脑室内出血的原因之一.分娩前母亲补充VitK1可显著提高其血浆Ⅱ、Ⅶ和X因子水平,并对脑室周围-脑室内出血有一定预防作用。

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