Abstract
BackgroundDespite an increasing number of studies exploring prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients in high income countries, limited data is available from low and middle income countries, particularly Nepal. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed (sub clinical) depression and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health care clinic in Nepal.MethodsThe study was based on a cross-sectional study design, with 321 hypertensive patients attending the Out-Patient Department of a central hospital in Nepal. Blood measure was recorded via a mercury column sphygmomanometer. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-Ia (BDI) scale. Demographics and risk factors were assessed.ResultThe proportion of participants with undiagnosed depression was 15%. Multivariable analyses demonstrated an increase in BDI scores with increased aging. Approximately a 1 point increase in the BDI score was observed for each additional decade of aging in hypertensive patients. Additional factors associated with increased risk of depression included being female (4.28 point BDI score increase), smoking (5.61 point BDI score increase), being hypertensive with no hypertensive medication (4.46 point BDI score increase) and being illiterate (4.46 point BDI score increase).ConclusionsAmong persons with hypertension in outpatient settings in Nepal, demographic (age, sex, education), behavioural (smoking,) and adherence factors (anti-hypertensive medication) were associated with undiagnosed depression. Screening programs in Nepal may assist early intervention in hypertensive patients with sub clinical depression.
Highlights
Both hypertension and depression emerge from a complex interaction of social, behavioural and biological factors [1, 2]
Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed depression and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health care clinic in Nepal
The study was based on a cross-sectional study design, with 321 hypertensive patients attending the Out-Patient Department of a central hospital in Nepal
Summary
Both hypertension and depression emerge from a complex interaction of social, behavioural and biological factors [1, 2]. Sub clinical depression may evade diagnosis in these patients [3]. Despite an increasing number of studies exploring the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients in high income countries, limited data is available from Nepal and other low and middle income countries. Health data collected on the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and sub clinical depression in Nepal is useful as it will allow for health care planning. Despite an increasing number of studies exploring prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients in high income countries, limited data is available from low and middle income countries, Nepal. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed (sub clinical) depression and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health care clinic in Nepal
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