PREVALENCE OF PARAMPHISTOMUM SP. INFECTION IN MUD BUFFALO USED IN THE MAKEPUNG TRADITION IN JEMBRANA DISTICT

This study aimed to study the botanical composition and feed quality for swamp buffalo in Jembrana Regency, province of Bali - Indonesia. Research using the survey method use samples obtained by proportional stratified sampling for the five districts in Jembrana Regency. Measuring the production and botanical composition of forage was carried out by using the square in the “Actual Weight Estimate” method. Chemical analysis of the feed carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Udayana. The results showed that the botanical composition of forage for swamp buffalo consisted of Brachiaria reptans, Panikum repen, Lercia Hexandra, Cynodon dactylon, Ischainum sp, Digitaria sp, Alysicarpus vaginalis, and weed. Only Alysicarpus vaginalis as leguminous plants have been detected. The crude protein content of the ration was quite high, namely 12.94% with a digestibility of 66.73%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the botanical composition of forage for swamp buffalo in Jembrana Regency is quite diverse with good quality. Leguminous plant introduction needs to be done to improve feed quality.

Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und ZüchtungsbiologieVolume 94, Issue 1-4 p. 16-26 Some biochemical and metabolic aspects of the semen of bovines (Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus) II. Factors affecting fructose utilization M.S.S. Abdou, Corresponding Author M.S.S. Abdou The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorM.M. El-Guindi, Corresponding Author M.M. El-Guindi The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Menoufy, Corresponding Author A.A. El-Menoufy The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorK. Zaki, Corresponding Author K. Zaki The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this author M.S.S. Abdou, Corresponding Author M.S.S. Abdou The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorM.M. El-Guindi, Corresponding Author M.M. El-Guindi The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Menoufy, Corresponding Author A.A. El-Menoufy The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorK. Zaki, Corresponding Author K. Zaki The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I. and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A. R. E.Search for more papers by this author First published: January‐December 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1977.tb01531.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume94, Issue1-4January‐December 1977Pages 16-26 RelatedInformation

Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und ZüchtungsbiologieVolume 94, Issue 1-4 p. 8-15 Some biochemical and metabolic aspects of the semen of bovines (Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus) I. Seminal fructose in consecutive ejaculates and its relation to libido and semen quality M.S.S. Abdou, Corresponding Author M.S.S. Abdou The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorM.M. El-Guindi, Corresponding Author M.M. El-Guindi The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Menoufy, Corresponding Author A.A. El-Menoufy The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorK. Zaki, Corresponding Author K. Zaki The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this author M.S.S. Abdou, Corresponding Author M.S.S. Abdou The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorM.M. El-Guindi, Corresponding Author M.M. El-Guindi The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E. Dept. of Obstet., Gynaec., College of Vet. Medicine, University of Baghdad, Al-Ameria, Baghdad, Iraq.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Menoufy, Corresponding Author A.A. El-Menoufy The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this authorK. Zaki, Corresponding Author K. Zaki The Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and A.I., and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, A.R.E.Search for more papers by this author First published: January‐December 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1977.tb01530.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume94, Issue1-4January‐December 1977Pages 8-15 RelatedInformation

Veterinary RecordVolume 161, Issue 20 p. 697-698 Short Communication Coenurosis in a beef cattle herd in Greece N. D. Giadinis DVM, PhD, N. D. Giadinis DVM, PhD Clinic of Farm...

1 Department of infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt 3 Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Giza, 11331, Egypt *Corresponding Author’s Email Dr_Mervat19@yahoo.com Tel.: 01223523271 In April 2014 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) affected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) aged from 3-5 years in Qalyubia, Egypt. The aim of the present study was to diagnose FMDV molecularly and biochemically. Blood samples were collected from buffaloes suffering from characteristic clinical signs of FMDV infection as fever, profuse ruby threads salivation, ulcer on muzzle, vesicles on foot and lameness. Blood samples, tongue epithelium and vesicular fluid were evaluated by real time RT-qPCR for the diagnosis of FMDV using different probes and primers of universal (3D) gene and VP1 gene for serotypes A, Iran O, Asia and SAT2. The positive sample confirmed by one step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This resulted in the identification of a SAT2 serotype was the causative agent and the amplified RNA virus resulted in 716bp. Serum samples of positive PCR infected animals compared with apparently healthy control group was used to determine the concentration of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and inorganic phosphorus (Ph). A level of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were calorimetrically measured in serum as markers for oxidant status. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, Ph, NO and MDA and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in albumin, total protein, Ca and Fe in serum of clinically affected animals. It was concluded that FMDV serotype SAT2 circulate in Egypt and associated with biological alteration and disturbed oxidative status.

Veterinary SurgeryEarly View LETTER TO THE EDITOR Letter to the editor: What is the value of statistical testing of observational data? Anderson F. Souza MV, Corresponding Author Anderson F. Souza MV anderson.fs@usp.br orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-4787 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Correspondence Anderson F. Souza, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Email: anderson.fs@usp.brSearch for more papers by this authorAbelino A. Souza Junior MSc, Abelino A. Souza Junior MSc abelinosji@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-1593 Independent researcher, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAndré L. V. de Zoppa MV, MSc, DSc, André L. V. de Zoppa MV, MSc, DSc alzoppa@usp.br orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-4843 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author Anderson F. Souza MV, Corresponding Author Anderson F. Souza MV anderson.fs@usp.br orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-4787 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Correspondence Anderson F. Souza, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Email: anderson.fs@usp.brSearch for more papers by this authorAbelino A. Souza Junior MSc, Abelino A. Souza Junior MSc abelinosji@hotmail.com orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-1593 Independent researcher, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAndré L. V. de Zoppa MV, MSc, DSc, André L. V. de Zoppa MV, MSc, DSc alzoppa@usp.br orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-4843 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13904Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Background and Aims:This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and intensity and to identify the associated risk factors and impact of trematode infection in swamp buffaloes reared under different agro-climatic conditions in Java, Indonesia.Materials and Methods:A total of 580 fecal samples were collected from swamp buffaloes in five different agro-climatic areas in Banten and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia. The fecal samples were examined using the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory Technique to determine the prevalence and intensity of trematode infection. The risk factors for infection were determined from an in-depth interview of owners/keepers, and the results were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The infection was also correlated with swamp buffalo production parameters (body weight and body condition score [BCS]).Results:From all fecal samples, the overall prevalence of trematode infection was 64.83%, which comprised Fasciola spp. (16.03%; mean eggs per gram [EPG]±SD: 1.02±0.43) and Paramphistomatidae (62.93%; mean EPG±SD: 1.01±0.66). The main risk factor for trematode infection was feeding animals with rice straw (odds ratio [OR]: 40.124); the risk of trematode infection was 40.142 times higher in buffaloes that consumed rice straw. Other risk factors included the frequency of anthelmintic treatment (OR: 4.666), age (OR: 0.449), and drinking water source (OR: 0.358). Trematode infection did not significantly affect the body weight or BCS of swamp buffaloes.Conclusion:Although the prevalence of trematode infection was high in swamp buffaloes, the intensity of infection was low, and the infection did not affect the animals’ physical parameters.

A one-month-old female Landrace pig died after being suspected of being infected with nematode worms and protozoa parasites. The purpose of this study was to establish a diagnosis of death from case pigs. The pigs were taken from a close house farm owned by Mr. Wayan Suastika in Payangan village, Gianyar, with a total population of 20 and had never been dewormed. Case pigs showed symptoms such as anorexia, experiencing blackish diarrhea mixed with a little blood, no appetite, and pale mucosa. The case pig died one day after being taken from the farm, and was necropsied on November 18, 2022 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Organs that underwent changes such as the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestines were taken to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory for histopathological examination. Examination of feces using the flotation method and the Mcmaster method, as well as making permanent preparations to identify worms were carried out at the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory. The results of post-mortem examination found typical anatomic pathology in the form of haemorrhagic colon, necrosis and catarrhal or mucohemorrhagic enteritis with mucus, fresh blood and/or necrotic debris in the lumen, along with infection with nematode worms in the colon with a total of 235 individuals. From the results of stool examination, Trichuris suis worm eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found. Based on the results of pathological and parasitological examinations, it can be concluded that cases of death in pigs are caused by Trichuriosis and Coccidiosis. As a suggestion, pigs should be kept in cages with floors made of concrete or cement. If an earthen yard is used, excreta disposal should be regular and the manure disposal site should be made of closed concrete wells so as not to attract beetles.

Background and Aim:Knowledge of normal ultrasonographic dimensions of the liver and associated vascular structures is an important indicator for the diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Enlargement of the liver beyond its normal dimensions is the term of hepatomegaly and ultrasonography is the primary and the suitable diagnostic technique for this condition. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of liver diseases causing hepatomegaly in 30 buffaloes as well as to provide a range of liver dimensions and its blood vessel measurements in normal and diseased buffaloes.Materials and Methods:The study population included 30 buffaloes that were admitted to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Zagazig University for investigation of clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as anorexia, chronic weight loss, and variable degrees of diarrhea or constipation. The animals were subjected to thorough clinical and ultrasonographic investigations. In addition, 10 healthy buffaloes were investigated ultrasonographically and post-slaughtering for comparison of liver dimensions and physical appearance.Results:Three conditions causing hepatomegaly were identified in this study as multiple focal hepatic lesions, diffuse fatty liver, and hepatic congestion. Clinically, it was difficult to differentiate between each condition while ultrasonography was the ideal tool for diagnosis after comparing with necropsy as a gold standard tool. Hepatomegaly was recorded in all affected animals with a significant decrease in the size of the portal vein (PV) and caudal vena cava (CVC) in animals affected with multiple focal hepatic lesions and fatty liver disease while the size of the PV and CVC was significantly increased in buffaloes with hepatic congestion.Conclusion:Ultrasonography can aid to accurately identify buffaloes with hepatomegaly and differentiate between different lesions involved.

Background: Toxocara vitulorum is a involved in the Ascaridoidea family and is a large roundworm with a semi translucent, soft body surface and pinkish color. Female worms measure 8-30cm in length, male worms 6-25cm. The major hosts of T.vitulorum are buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos species) in the humid tropics of Asia, Africa and South America. The diagnosis of T. vitulorum infections is usually made by observing characteristic eggs in routine fecal examination. Serological methods are also used to diagnose Toxocariasis. However, in recent years, PCR, a new generation molecular diagnostic method, has been used. The genetic structure of T. vitulorum is little known compared with data available from other parasites. The present sutudy was designed to determine the T. vitulorum isolates by the genetic characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Adult worms were collected from the feces of two calves (East Anatolian Red) during visits to the clinic at the Department of Internal Medicine of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Worms were washed thoroughly in 0.85 % saline to remove any debris and fixed into 70 % ethanol. After repeated and thoroughly washing the specimens, total genomic DNA of parasite extraction was performed be employing DNA extraction reagent kit (Thermo, GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit) according to manufacturer’s recommendations. After DNA amplification, a 446 bp fragment of cox1 of T. vitulorum were obtained in all three isolates. All generated sequences were registered in GenBank database with accession numbers including MG905159, MG911729 and MG911730. The cox1 of T. vitulorum examined differed from another two isolates extracted from Germany beef cattle (KY313642.1) and Sri Lanka buffalo calf (FJ664617.1) at NCBI database. The MEGA 7 software was employed to calculate intra-species distance and similarity. The intra-species distance rate and similarity among the isolates were 0.005 and 99.995%, respectively. The cox 1 sequence of T. vitulorum did not differ from an isolate from Germany, but differed more from isolate from Sri Lanka. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. Bootstrap support (Bp) for ML trees was calculating 1000 bootstrap replicates. This results indicate that both the different species of Toxocara are host-specific and each member of the genus Toxocara spp. has a different about the molecular sequences. We used the phylogenies from the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method to construct another phylogenetic tree based on the cox1 (mtDNA) gene. The results again display that the cattle-calves (East Anatolian Red) isolates from Turkey homology with that obtained from the Germany beef cattle (accession no. KY313642.1).Discussion: The genetic analysis of parasites is a crucial factor in terms of determining epidemiology and the control parasitic diseases of humans and animals. Toxocara vitulorum is the most common gastrointestinal helmints infecting ruminants particularly in tropical regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. vitulorum is 100% homology with related to sequence of T. vitulorum from Germany. The characterization of cox1 region can provides a foundation for accurate identification of some helminth species using PCR. Even though the small sample size, the obtained results might provide useful information for further phylogenetic studies on the family Ascaridae.

BackgroundThe present study aimed to throw light on the clinical characteristics of abomasal impaction in buffalo calves and its associated biochemical alterations. For this reason, a total of 20 male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) with abomasal impaction were studied. The investigated calves were at 6 to 12 months of age and were belonged to three private farms in Dakahlia Governorate besides sporadic cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Ten apparently healthy buffalo calves were also included as controls. According to the clinical outcome, the diseased calves were categorized into survivors (n = 11) and non-survivors (n = 9). Blood samples were collected from all animals to estimate blood gases besides a panel of selected biochemical parameters. The definitive diagnosis of dietary abomasal impaction was achieved by either left flank exploratory laparotomy or by necropsy.ResultsBoth survivors and non-survivors demonstrated common clinical findings including distension of ventro-lateral aspect of the right abdomen, and varying degrees of dehydration. The great majority of survivors (81%) and 100% of non-survivors were anorexic and had rumen stasis as well as hard texture upon ballottement of the left flank. Approximately 45% of non-survivors had frothy salivation, expiratory grunting and were being tender when strong percussion was applied on the right flank. Diseased calves had metabolic alkalosis, while plasma potassium and chloride were significantly lower in non-survivors than those of survivors (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and uric acid were significantly higher in diseased buffalo than controls and in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin levels were also higher in non-survivors than those of survivors (P < 0.05).ConclusionBuffalo calves with dietary abomasal impaction were associated with marked clinical and biochemical alterations that could be helpful for an accurate diagnosis of the disease.

Buffaloes play an essential role in society, both as a food source and in socio-cultural aspects. One tradition involving buffaloes is Makepung in Jembrana Regency, Bali, which requires the buffaloes to be in optimal health. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections, such as Balantidium sp., can affect buffalo health and pose zoonotic risks. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Balantidium sp. infection in Makepung buffaloes and analyze the factors associated with its prevalence, including age, management practices, and geographical region. This research employs an observational method with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 120 male Makepung buffaloes from three districts in Jembrana Regency Melaya, Negara, and Mendoyo were selected using purposive sampling. Fecal samples were collected and examined using a modified sedimentation method to detect Balantidium sp. presence. Data were analyzed descriptively, and relationships between variables were tested using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the prevalence of Balantidium sp. infection in Makepung buffaloes was 45.8%. Geographical region and feed source significantly influenced infection prevalence (P&lt;0.05), whereas age and management factors, such as housing system, and cleanliness, did not show significant effects (P&gt;0,05). Makepung buffalo farmers are advised to improve sanitation, improve drainage, separate the enclosures, and use antiprotozoal drugs under the supervision of a veterinarian to prevent Balantidium sp. infections and resistance.

Oktay YILMAZ*, Jerzy Jan JAROSZEWSKI, Aziz BULBUL, Mehmet UCAR Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

Simple SummarySince there is currently little information on the distribution of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Italy, we determined its seroprevalence among cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. We found very high seroprevalence values of 30.8% and 76% at individual and herd levels, respectively. In both cattle and water buffalo, species, age, and origin were common risk factors that were positively associated with antibody detection. Only in water buffalo was a higher sero-prevalence observed in animals cohabiting with cattle, indicating that this practice is incorrect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first BCoV serological survey performed in southern Italy as well as the first description of BCoV antibody detection in water buffalo in Italy.Cattle and water buffalo are the main livestock species that are raised in the Campania region, southern Italy, and they contribute significantly to the regional rural economy. Currently there are limited data on the prevalence of relevant impact infections, such as bovine coronavirus (BCov), an RNA virus that causes acute enteric and respiratory disease. Although these diseases are described primarily in cattle, there have been reports of spillovers to other ruminants, including water buffalo. Here, we determined the seroprevalence of BCoV in cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. An overall seroprevalence of 30.8% was determined after testing 720 sampled animals with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A risk factor analysis revealed that the seropositivity rates in cattle (49.2%) were higher than in water buffalo (5.3%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in older and purchased animals. In cattle, housing type and location were not associated with higher seroprevalence. The presence of BCoV antibodies in water buffalo was associated with the practice of co-inhabiting with cattle, demonstrating that this practice is incorrect and promotes the transmission of pathogens between different species. Our study found a considerable seroprevalence, which is consistent with previous research from other countries. Our results provide information on the widespread distribution of this pathogen as well as the risk factors that are involved in its transmission. This information could be useful in the control and surveillance of this infection.

Chronic inflammation of the oral cavity accompanied by ulcers called Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS). A Pomeranian dog was examined at the Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of decreased appetite and drinking accompanied, in the dog that would not close his mouth. Clinical examination showed that there is bleeding and swelling of the gums and lips, torn sores and ulcer on the lower lip, redness on the edge of the tongue, blackish plaque in almost all of his teeth, halitosis, and enlargement of the mandibular lymph nodes, and routine hematological examination showed a normochromic and normocytic anemia, elevated monocyte levels, and neutrophilia, so dogs were diagnosed with CCUS. Treatment using Amoxicillin, Meloxicam, Vitamin C, Ferrous Sulfate, and fluid therapy using NaCl initially gave quite good results, but the dog died on the sixth day after therapy which possibly due to severe malnutrition and anemia.