Abstract
AimsTo identify the prevalence of major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and their association with the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a population in the province of Bengo, northern Angola.MethodsA cross-sectional community-based study was conducted and a representative random sample stratified by sex and age was selected. In total, 2379 black individuals were included in the final analysis. A standard 12-lead ECG were recorded from all participants, analyzed and processed by the University of Glasgow software and coding by the Minnesota code.Results22.3% of participants had minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and 4.58% major ECG abnormalities. The most common minor ECG abnormalities were abnormal T wave inversion, minor isolated ST abnormalities and premature beats. The most common major ECG abnormalities were Left ventricular hypertrophy with major ST-T abnormalities, Ventricular conduction defects and major Q-wave abnormalities. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption and smoking, were significantly associated with major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities.ConclusionsIn this study several participants had minor and major electrocardiographic abnormalities. Minor electrocardiographic abnormalities were more prevalent in men and major abnormalities in women. The electrocardiographic abnormalities had significant associations with the main cardiovascular risk factors.
Highlights
IntroductionThe importance of using the ECG in Medicine has been established for many years, and created a great advance and an innovative resource for the study of conditions related to heart disorders, with a great advantage in terms of diagnostic, accessibility and good accuracy [2]
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly used noninvasive tool in cardiology clinical practice, and it is the first com plementary approach in the management of cardiac symptoms [1].The importance of using the ECG in Medicine has been established for many years, and created a great advance and an innovative resource for the study of conditions related to heart disorders, with a great advantage in terms of diagnostic, accessibility and good accuracy [2]
The minor ECG abnormalities at baseline were found on 22.3% of the individuals (30.9% male, 17.3% female) and major ECG abnormalities were found on 4.58% of the in dividuals (3.2% male, 5.4% female)
Summary
The importance of using the ECG in Medicine has been established for many years, and created a great advance and an innovative resource for the study of conditions related to heart disorders, with a great advantage in terms of diagnostic, accessibility and good accuracy [2]. The ECG has been used in cardiovascular epidemiology, due to its low cost, availability, safety of use and its ability to predict unfavorable outcomes in different populations [3,4]. With recent methodological and technological advances, the use of ECG has become an important tool and widely used in population studies, mainly for identifying electrocardiographic abnormalities that predict major cardiovascular events [5]. There is a scarcity of studies that associate electrocardio graphic abnormalities to cardiovascular risk factors in African pop ulations, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast to several studies that have already established this relationship in Caucasian, Latin and African American populations [14,15,16,17,18], and there is no information in the medical literature on the electrocardiographic abnormalities and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in Angolans [10,13,19,20]
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