Prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens and Antibiotic Susceptibility Status in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections from a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India

Abstract

Background: ESKAPE “(Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp.)” pathogens are commonly found in infections affecting the skin and underlying tissues. ESKAPE pathogens often exhibit widespread multidrug resistance in hospitals, contributing significantly to Hospital-acquired infections. ESKAPE pathogen prevalence can combat the vast challenge of Antibiotic Resistance (ABR). Materials and Methods: “The microbiological statistics of ESKAPE infections and sensitivity between January 2020 and October 2022 were extracted from the laboratory records and analysed for the bacterial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern”. Results: Out of the 2037 pathogens isolated from Skin and soft tissue infection, 1308 were ESKAPE pathogens accounting for a prevalence of 64.2%. Staphylococcus aureus (n=340/1308; 25.99%) was the predominant pathogen followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=332/1308; 25.38%). Among Gram-negative isolates, 29.43% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Carbapenemase was found to be a frequent mechanism of resistance, highest among Acinetobacter species (n=99; 64.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=109; 37.07%). Amp C production was seen most commonly in Enterobacter species (n=93; 61.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=172; 58.5%) whereas ESBL production was seen in Enterobacter species (n=46; 30.03%). Conclusion: ESKAPE pathogens are critical etiologic agents of Skin and soft infections. Regular studies are vital for evaluating bacterial susceptibility and highlighting the importance of policies to reduce hospital infections and enhance antibiotic prescription oversight. Understanding virulence and resistance markers is critical for tailoring treatment strategies based on local antibiograms and managing related infections.