Abstract
Background and aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of death worldwide and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery accounts for 1.4% of all operating room procedures. Considering the importance of the above-mentioned issue, the present study aimed to assess CAD risk factors in CABG patients to provide more accurate information for health authorities. Methods: To this end, data of all patients with isolated primary on-pump CABG were collected from March 2014 to March 2016. The major risk factors of CAD were recorded as a history of cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced age, a family history of CAD, obesity, and male gender. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS using a t test, as well as the chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and the P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During a 24-month period, 895 patients underwent isolated primary on-pump CABG in the only open-heart surgery center in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The mean age of the patients was 60.4±10.3 years (within the range of 40 to 93 years). In addition, most of the patients amounting to 525 cases (58.7%) were in the age group of 55-70 years and had two or more risk factors. Further, 98.8% of males (age ≥45) and 68.2% of females (age ≥ 55) were old, and 73.3% and 26.7% of the patients were men and women, respectively. Furthermore, risk factors such as hypertension, cigarette-smoking, DM, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and family history were observed in 53.3%, 47.9%, 37.8%, 28.5%, 61.1%, and 19.3% of the patients, respectively. As regards gender, the prevalence of coronary risk factors like hypertension (60.7 vs. 50.6%, P=0.005), DM (51.9 vs. 32.6%, P=0.001), hypercholesterolemia (43.5 vs. 23%, P=0.001), and obesity (68.2 vs. 58.5%, P=0.005) were higher in women but other factors such as smoking (19.2 vs. 58.4%, P=0.001) and positive family history (14.6 vs. 21%, P=0.01) were higher in men. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of most risk factors was more common among under 55-year group, especially in women, and this is a warning for increasing CADs in the future
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as the most common form of cardiovascular disease with an estimated prevalence of 6.9% and 6% in men and women, respectively [1]
The major recorded risk factors of CAD included a history of cigarettesmoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced age, a family history of CAD, obesity, and male gender
An exact estimate of the prevalence of CAD risk factors remains elusive, but the prevalence of important risk factors has changed over time with increased awareness and changes in diet and lifestyle [2]
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as the most common form of cardiovascular disease with an estimated prevalence of 6.9% and 6% in men and women, respectively [1]. More than 300 000 patients undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in the United States. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of death worldwide and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery accounts for 1.4% of all operating room procedures. 98.8% of males (age ≥45) and 68.2% of females (age ≥ 55) were old, and 73.3% and 26.7% of the patients were men and women, respectively Risk factors such as hypertension, cigarette-smoking, DM, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and family history were observed in 53.3%, 47.9%, 37.8%, 28.5%, 61.1%, and 19.3% of the patients, respectively.
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