Abstract
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is renal dysfunction leads to failure in the body's ability to maintain metabolic, fluid electrolytes, and balance. It mostly results in uremia or azotemia and can be classified into stages 1 to 5 based on the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate (GFR. These complications lead to the deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO) possible iron loss in patients on hemodialysis are considered the main factors in contributing anemia in CKD patients.
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