Abstract
Objective: Examining the prevalence of different forms of birth defects and identifying their causes. Study design: Study Design: A cross-sectional study with retrospective analysis for causes. Place and duration of study: Department of Neurosurgery MMC hospital Mardan from 05 Jan 2021 to October 2021. Methods: All gender-neutral newborns seeking well-child care department of Neurosurgery MMC Mardan. Participating subjects were enlisted, and data were input and analyzed using SPSS v 22.0, regardless of whether they had received any prenatal care, or vaccinations, or were born with any observable abnormalities. Results: In our analysis of 497 individuals, 23% exhibited CNS congenital abnormalities. 47 children (9%) had gastrointestinal malformations, 111 had musculoskeletal anomalies, 42 had cardio-vascular anomalies, and 181 had genito-urinary anomalies. Extreme maternal age (less than 74 and more than 42 at conception), consanguinity, preterm deliveries, maternal smoking, and family history of birth abnormalities were similarly distributed across patients with diverse malformations. Genito-urinary abnormalities are the most common, followed by CNS and musculoskeletal anomalies.
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