Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Excess Weight among Portuguese Children and Why Abdominal Obesity Should Be Included in Clinical Practice.

Abstract

Central adiposity in children has increased to a higher degree than general adiposity however it is not a routinemeasurement in clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal fat distribution andobserve the prevalence of abdominal obesity among non-obese 6-10-year-old children. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured in a sample of 793 children (408 girls). InternationalObesity Task Force cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-height ratio ≥0.50. Chi-square tests were used to observe the prevalence of the obesity indicators among boys and girls, and the relation betweenInternational Obesity Task Force cut-offs and abdominal obesity. The prevalence of overweight, including obesity among children was 21.9% (18.9 - 25.0), 6.1% (4.2 - 8.0) were obeseand 21.9% (18.6 - 25.0) had a waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.50. Girls had significantly higher prevalence of overweight, including obesitycompared to boys (χ2 = 4.59, p = 0.03), but no differences were found for abdominal obesity according to children's gender (χ2 = 3.32,p = 0.07). A proportion of normal (8.2%; 5.9 - 10.6) and overweight children (59.5%; 50.9 - 69.0) were abdominally obese. The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in children living in central Portugal is of concern. Many children withabdominal obesity would not be considered obese with the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. A high proportion of abdominal obesity was observed in children with normal weight or overweight, suggesting that waist-to-height ratio should be included in routine clinical practice and might be particularly useful to assess the health status of the child.