Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide, afflicting many women in reproductive age, especially in developing countries. Increased risk of infection has been attributed to pregnancy and antimicrobial resistance. Objective To compare the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacteria and associated factors of urinary tract infections among pregnant and nonpregnant women attending public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A health facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 651 randomly selected women from public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, between February 2017 and December 2017. Pertinent data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The midstream urine specimen was collected and cultured on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and blood agar. Pure isolates were tested against the ten most prescribed antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered and analysed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 21. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 23% (95% CI: 13.6, 26.8). The higher proportion of bacteria were isolated from pregnant women (14.1%) compared to nonpregnant women (8.9%). Escherichia coli (28.8%) and Streptococcus aureus (14.3%) were the most common isolates. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin (83.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78.6%), and ciprofloxacin (81%), whereas S. aureus was resistant to chloramphenicol (81%), erythromycin (81%), and amoxicillin (76.2%). Current symptoms, and history of catheterization increase the likelihood of urinary tract infections.Conclusion Pregnant women were more likely infected with bacterial pathogens than nonpregnant women. Current symptoms, and catheterization increase the odds of urinary tract infections. More than half of the isolates were resistant to the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Regular assessment of urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance are recommended to provide effective therapy and thereby prevent urinary tract complications.
Highlights
Urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to the presence and multiplication of bacterial pathogens in the organs of the urinary tract
Sexual intercourse facilitates the ascent of bacteria into the bladder [6]. e UTIs are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and less extent by Gram-negative bacteria which include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. [7]
Of the 638 urine specimens, 147 were found to be positive for culture, and the overall prevalence of UTIs was 23%
Summary
Urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to the presence and multiplication of bacterial pathogens in the organs of the urinary tract. It is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild irritative voiding to bacteremia, sepsis, or even death [1]. Pregnant women are more likely infected with UTIs with uropathogenic bacteria than nonpregnant women and can be associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and fetus. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacteria and associated factors of urinary tract infections among pregnant and nonpregnant women attending public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Regular assessment of urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance are recommended to provide effective therapy and thereby prevent urinary tract complications
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Schedule a callMore From: The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale
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