Abstract
This article has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in different parts of Ethiopia. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, the causative agent for Salmonellosis and Shigellosis, respectively, their antibiogram and growth potential were the main objectives of this review. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In most studies of Antibiograms tests, Salmonella and Shigella spp. showed high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which indicate serious problems in antimicrobial therapy globally, especially in developing countries. In challenge studies , Salmonella and Shigella spp . reached the infective dose within 4 to 24 hours of inoculation, respectively in various food samples. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs health education, frequent monitory and evaluation system of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Keywords : Antibiograms; Diarrheal diseases; Ethiopia; Foodborne diseases; Growth potential; Salmonellosis; Shigellosis.
Highlights
As far back as the documentation of human history goes, consumption of food unsafe for health and its consequences have been one of man’s major health problems
Food- borne diseases are known to be responsible for a large proportion of adult illnesses and deaths; more importantly, as sources of acute diarrheal diseases, they are known to claim the lives of overwhelming numbers of children every day [1]
Several studies noted despite the possibility that data regarding meat borne diseases in Ethiopia are very scarce, a few studies conducted in different parts of the country have shown the public health importance of several bacterial pathogens associated with foods of animal origins [13,16,20,21,22]
Summary
As far back as the documentation of human history goes, consumption of food unsafe for health and its consequences have been one of man’s major health problems. Transmission of enteropathogenic bacteria is affected directly or indirectly through objects contaminated with faeces These include food and water indicating the importance of faecal-oral humanto-human transmission [2]. Acute infective diarrhoea and gastroenteritis are major causes of ill health and premature deaths in developing world due, in large part, to the lack of safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as poorer overall health and nutritional status. Several studies noted despite the possibility that data regarding meat borne diseases in Ethiopia are very scarce, a few studies conducted in different parts of the country have shown the public health importance of several bacterial pathogens associated with foods of animal origins [13,16,20,21,22]. Production of the enterotoxin is directly related to the growth rate of the pathogens [27,28]
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